Heterogeneous treatment effect of dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy for advanced ovarian cancer.

A Japanese clinical trial (JGOG3016) showed that dose-dense weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin extensively prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, in other clinical trials, dose-dense paclitaxel regimens were not superior to triweekly paclitaxel regimens. In this study, causal tree analysis was applied to explore subpopulations with different treatment effects of dose-dense paclitaxel in a data-driven approach.

Phase I/II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy boost in patients with cervical cancer ineligible for intracavitary brachytherapy.

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost is a promising treatment for cervical cancer patients who are ineligible for intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). The aim of this multicenter, single-arm, phase I/II study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of SBRT boost.

Materials And Methods: ICBT-ineligible patients with untreated cervical cancer were enrolled.

Heterogeneous treatment effects of adjuvant therapy for patients with cervical cancer in the intermediate-risk group.

Background: The efficacy of adjuvant therapy for patients with cervical cancer with intermediate risk (CC-IR) remains controversial. We examined the impact of adjuvant therapy on survival outcomes in patients with CC-IR and evaluated the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) of adjuvant therapies based on clinicopathologic characteristics.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a previous Japanese nationwide cohort of 6192 patients with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy.

Development of a deep learning method for improving diagnostic accuracy for uterine sarcoma cases.

Uterine sarcomas have very poor prognoses and are sometimes difficult to distinguish from uterine leiomyomas on preoperative examinations. Herein, we investigated whether deep neural network (DNN) models can improve the accuracy of preoperative MRI-based diagnosis in patients with uterine sarcomas. Fifteen sequences of MRI for patients (uterine sarcoma group: n = 63; uterine leiomyoma: n = 200) were used to train the models.

A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for postoperative cervical cancer: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study (JGOG1082).

Background: The standard treatment for stage IB-IIB cervical cancer is radiotherapy or radical hysterectomy; after radical hysterectomy, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy is recommended for patients with high risk factors. However, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy can cause severe gastrointestinal and urinary toxicity.

Primary Objective: To assess whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is not inferior to adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for overall survival in patients with high risk cervical cancer.

Extreme skeletal muscle loss during induction chemotherapy is an independent predictor of poor survival in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Aim: Skeletal muscle loss is often observed in advanced cancer patients. This study investigates whether skeletal muscle loss is associated with survival outcomes of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients after induction chemotherapy (IC) in a Japanese cohort. Whether serum inflammatory markers are associated with skeletal muscle changes is also addressed.

Postradiotherapy persistent lymphopenia as a poor prognostic factor in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy: a single-center, retrospective study.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is effective in cervical cancer; radiation-induced lymphopenia correlates with poor survival outcome in several cancer types. We investigated the association of total lymphocyte count (TLC) with survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 168 patients with cervical cancer initially treated with definitive RT.

A low albumin to globulin ratio with a high serum globulin level is a prognostic marker for poor survival in cervical cancer patients treated with radiation based therapy.

Objective: We investigated whether the pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio, serum albumin level, and serum globulin level can be used to predict survival among cervical cancer patients treated with radiation based therapy and assessed globulin fractions.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 128 patients with cervical cancer treated with radiation based therapy at our institution between 2010 and 2015. The associations of the pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio, and serum albumin and globulin levels with overall survival were assessed.

Profile of treatment-related complications in women with clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer: A nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Objective: To examine clinico-pathological factors associated with surgical complications and postoperative therapy for clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer.

Methods: This nationwide multicenter retrospective study examined women with clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy plus pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy between 2008-2009 at 87 institutions of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (n = 693). Multivariate models were used to identify independent predictors of perioperative grade 3-4 complications and bladder dysfunction.

Lymphopenia after induction chemotherapy correlates with incomplete surgical resection in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Background: Lymphopenia is associated with poor outcomes in patients with various cancers, but little is known about the prognostic impact of lymphopenia in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after induction chemotherapy (IC). This study investigated the prognostic significance of pre- and post-IC lymphopenia in patients with advanced EOC.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 68 patients with stage III/IV ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer treated with IC at our institution between 2009 and 2017.

Ovarian cancer therapeutic potential of glutamine depletion based on GS expression.

Amino acids (AAs) are biologically important nutrient compounds necessary for the survival of any cell. Of the 20 AAs, cancer cells depend on the uptake of several extracellular AAs for survival. However, which extracellular AA is indispensable for the survival of cancer cells and the molecular mechanism involved have not been fully defined.

The concept of platinum sensitivity could be applied to recurrent cervical cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective study from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group.

Purpose: This study aimed at evaluating the applicability of the concept of platinum sensitivity to recurrent cervical cancer.

Methods: The clinical information of patients with recurrent cervical cancer, who were initially treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and received second-line platinum-based chemotherapy at the time of recurrence between January 2008 and December 2012, was retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A total of 677 patients from 71 medical centers were analyzed.

Practice patterns of adjuvant therapy for intermediate/high recurrence risk cervical cancer patients in Japan.

Objective: Although radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) are the global standards for adjuvant therapy treatment in cervical cancer, many Japanese institutions choose chemotherapy (CT) because of the low frequency of irreversible adverse events. In this study, we aimed to clarify the trends of adjuvant therapy for intermediate/high-risk cervical cancer after radical surgery in Japan.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted by the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group to 186 authorized institutions active in the treatment of gynecologic cancer.

Rare case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from cystic adenomyosis.

Few reports on malignant transformation of adenomyosis are available, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from cystic adenomyosis is further rarely reported. We report a case of a 67-year-old asymptomatic woman who was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a cystic lesion in the pelvis, which had been diagnosed as cystic degeneration of leiomyoma for 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass measuring 11 cm in diameter, which was contiguous with uterine myometrium.

[Primary peritoneal carcinoma - a clinicopathological study of 15 cases].

This is a retrospective study of fifteen cases of primary peritoneal carcinoma who were treated between 2001 and 2010 in our hospital. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 63 years(range, 40 to 79 years). Three patients had clinical stage II disease, eleven patients had stage III disease, and one patient was unstaged.

Isolation and properties of malic enzyme and its gene in Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7.

Malic enzyme (ME) was purified as an electrophoretically homogenous protein from Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. The molecular weight of ME was estimated to be 650 kDa and that of its subunit, 86 kDa.