Combination of Pain Location and Pain Duration is Associated with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Increased evidence indicates that pain location affects central sensitization (CS)-related symptoms. In addition, pain location and pain duration may be intricately related to CS-related symptoms. However, these factors have been investigated separately.

Comparison of the effects of three kinds of glucose-lowering drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label, three-arm, active control study.

Aims/introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is known that the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the aggravation of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to compare the possible effects of three kinds of oral hypoglycemic agents on NAFLD in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a prospective clinical trial (a randomized and open-label study) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD.

The central sensitization inventory predict pain-related disability for musculoskeletal disorders in the primary care setting.

Background: Central sensitization (CS) is found in patients with musculoskeletal disorders and is related to clinical symptoms, including pain-related disability. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) has been developed for patients who are at risk of symptoms related to CS, and CSI severity levels are suggested for clinical interpretation of the CSI score. However, the longitudinal relationship between CSI severity and pain-related disability is unclear in primary care.

Validation of the Japanese version of the life satisfaction checklist (LiSat-11) in patients with low back pain: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies suggest that life satisfaction assessment using the Life Satisfaction checklist (LiSat-11) is a meaningful outcome measure and may play an important role in setting rehabilitation goals in patients with chronic pain. Until now, there was no Japanese version of this questionnaire, and the psychometric properties of the original version of the LiSat-11 have only been investigated using classical test theory approaches. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the LiSat-11-J using Rasch analysis in a sample of Japanese people with low back pain (LBP).

Development and psychometric properties of short form of central sensitization inventory in participants with musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The central sensitization inventory (CSI) comprises 25 items and is commonly used to measure somatic and emotional symptoms related to central sensitization symptoms. CSI was developed as an easy-to-administer screening instrument for patients at high risk of developing central sensitization in whom it was essential to quickly evaluate the condition. The purpose of the present study was to develop a short form of CSI and evaluate its psychometric properties using a contemporary approach called Rasch analysis.

Validation of the Japanese version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Background: Many musculoskeletal pain conditions are characterized by hypersensitivity, which is induced by central sensitization (CS). A questionnaire, the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), was recently developed to help clinicians identify patients whose presenting symptoms may be related to central sensitivity syndrome (CSS). The aims of the present study were to examine criterion validity and construct validity of the Japanese version of the CSI (CSI-J), and to investigate prevalence rates of CS severity levels in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Werner Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus Accompanied by Adrenal Cortex Cancer.

Werner syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by progeria, diabetes mellitus, cataracts and various types of malignancy. However, there are few reports showing adrenal cortex cancer in subjects with Werner syndrome. We herein report an extremely rare case of Werner syndrome accompanied by adrenal cortex cancer.

Inadequate Triglyceride Management Worsens the Durability of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are often used all over the world and exert various beneficial effects including glucose-lowering effect in many subjects with type 2 diabetes. It is poorly understood, however, which factors are closely related with the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor. In this study, we examined retrospectively which factors could mainly influence the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor.

Hypoglycemic Coma Induced by the Use of Succinic Acid Cibenzoline in Frail Late-stage Elderly Subjects.

Succinic acid cibenzoline (CZ) is an antiarrhythmic agent often used for the treatment of tachyarrhythmia. However, hypoglycemia should be avoided in the treatment of diabetes. We herein report two late-stage elderly subjects who experienced a severe and prolonged hypoglycemic coma after the usage of CZ.

Advanced breast cancer in a relatively young man with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

It is known that male breast cancer is extremely rare and obesity is a strong risk factor of breast cancer in both male and female. In general, the prognosis in breast cancer in males is known to be very poor compared to that in females as it tends to be more advanced stage due to delayed initial diagnosis. Therefore, we should be aware of the possibility that breast cancer could be developed even in relatively young males without any specific risk factors especially when the subjects have severe obesity.

Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of short forms of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in participants with musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a commonly used as measure of pain catastrophizing. The scale comprises 13 items related to magnification, rumination, and helplessness. To facilitate quick screening and to reduce participant's burden, the four-item and six-item short forms of the English version of the PCS were developed.

Dramatic mitigation of bone pain after phosphorus replacement therapy in a subject with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.

Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is secreted from bone and suppresses the absorption of phosphorus in renal proximal tubule and in intestinal tract. Therefore, the increase of serum FGF23 levels leads to hypophosphatemic situations. Tumor-induced osteomalacia is often induced by various tumors, but it is often difficult to identify the localization of tumor, because most of the FGF23-producing tumors are small and could be observed in any part of the body.

Strawberry milk-like blood in a subject with diabetic lipemia: dramatic change to transparent color after insulin therapy.

Introduction: It is known that chylomicronemia is caused by several pathologies and is classified as primary and secondary chylomicronemia. Since hypertriglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and severe pancreatitis, it is very important to make a proper diagnosis of the cause of hypertriglycemia.

Case Description: We herein present the case of a 40-year-old male who developed severe hypertriglycemia accompanied with acute exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Association of GA/HbA1c ratio and cognitive impairment in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: The aim of this study was to search for factors influencing cognitive impairment and to clarify the association between the fluctuation of blood glucose levels and cognitive impairment in elderly Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We recruited 88 relatively elderly subjects (≥65years old) with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in Kawasaki Medical School from January 2014 to December 2015. We evaluated the fluctuation of blood glucose levels with glycoalbumin (GA)/hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ratio, and estimated cognitive impairment with Hasegawa dementia scale-revised (HDS-R) score and mini mental state examination (MMSE) score.

Optimal cut-off value of alanine aminotransferase level to precisely estimate the presence of fatty liver in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Optimal cut-off value of ALT level to precisely estimate the presence of fatty liver was as low as 28.0 U/L. We should consider the possibility of fatty liver even when ALT level is within normal range in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Clinical effects of liraglutide are possibly influenced by hypertriglyceridemia and remaining pancreatic β-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We searched for factors influencing the clinical effects of GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Multivariate analyses showed that hypertriglyceridemia and baseline HbA1c levels were independent predictors for the efficacy of liraglutide and that CPR index was an independent predictor for the durability of liraglutide.

Case of disseminated pyomyositis in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Primary pyomyositis is a pyogenic and uncommon infection of skeletal muscle, which is mainly observed in tropical areas and/or human immunodeficiency virus patients. In non-human immunodeficiency virus infected patients, the most common cause is diabetes mellitus. Because of its rarity, the accurate diagnosis is often challenging.

Successful Graded Mirror Therapy in a Patient with Chronic Deafferentation Pain in Whom Traditional Mirror Therapy was Ineffective: A Case Report.

A 43-year-old man had deafferentation pain in his right upper extremity secondary to brachial plexus avulsion from a traffic accident 23 years previously. On our initial examination, he had severe tingling pain with numbness in the right fingers rated 10 on the numerical rating scale. The body perception of the affected third and fourth fingers was distorted in the flexed position.

Rapid onset of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion induced by duloxetine in an elderly type 2 diabetic patient with painful diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common diabetic complication. Duloxetine, a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is widely used for the treatment of diabetic painful neuropathy (DPN) because of the efficacy and safety profile. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, which is strongly associated duloxetine, is a rare but occasionally life-threatening adverse effect.

Are tactile acuity and clinical symptoms related to differences in perceived body image in patients with chronic nonspecific lower back pain?

Clinically, perceived image of the lower back and the two-point discrimination (TPD) test are used as markers for evaluating alterations of cortical reorganization. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether TPD and selected clinical findings are different in subgroups of individuals with chronic nonspecific lower back pain (CNLBP) based on body image drawings. Forty-two patients with CNLBP and seventeen healthy individuals were recruited.