Quantitative evaluation for intravascular structures of vertebral artery dissection with a novel zoomed high-resolution black-blood MR imaging.

Background: Although non-stroke vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is diagnosed using MRI, detecting the subtle intravascular structure remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of quantitative intravascular scanning based on novel zoomed high-resolution black blood (Z-HB) MRI for distinguishing VAD from other vessel pathologies.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with non-stroke VAD and 18 with symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques in their vertebral artery underwent Z-HB MRI and subsequent profile curve processing.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Metastatic Brain Tumors from Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Carcinomas: Histopathological Analysis of Survival and Local Control. A Japanese Multi-Institutional Cooperative and Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: A retrospective comparative analysis of the outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for brain metastases from uterine cervical carcinoma (CC) and endometrial carcinoma (EC), investigated the efficacy and prognostic factors for survival and local tumor control. Histopathological analysis was also performed.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 61 patients with 260 tumors of CC and 73 patients with 302 tumors of EC who had undergone GKRS.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors from ovarian cancer: histopathological analysis of survival and local control. A Japanese multi-institutional cooperative and retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Brain metastasis is rare in ovarian cancer patients. The results of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for the treatment of patients with brain metastases from ovarian cancer were retrospectively analyzed to derive the efficacy and prognostic factors for survival and local tumor control. Further histopathological analysis was also performed.

[A Case of Trigeminal Neuralgia Treated with Microvascular Decompression 10 years after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery].

We report a case of trigeminal neuralgia treated with microvascular decompression 10 years after We report a case of trigeminal neuralgia treated with microvascular decompression 10 years after Gamma Knife radiosurgery was performed. The patient was a 65-year-old female. The root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve received irradiation:a 4-mm shot, with a maximum dose of 80 Gy.

Impact of temperature decline from the previous day as a trigger of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: case-crossover study of prefectural stroke database.

Objective: Several environmental factors have been reported to correlate with incidence of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, because of different patient selection and study designs among these studies, meteorological factors that trigger the incidence of SAH in a short hazard period remain unknown. Among meteorological factors, daily temperature changes may disrupt and violate homeostasis and predispose to cerebrovascular circulatory disturbances and strokes.

Comparison of treatment results between 3- and 2-stage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for large brain metastases: a retrospective multi-institutional study.

Objective: In order to obtain better local tumor control for large (i.e., > 3 cm in diameter or > 10 cm3 in volume) brain metastases (BMs), 3-stage and 2-stage Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) procedures, rather than a palliative dose of stereotactic radiosurgery, have been proposed.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain metastases from pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a Japanese multi-institutional cooperative study (JLGK1401).

OBJECTIVE In 1999, the World Health Organization categorized large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung as a variant of large cell carcinoma, and LCNEC now accounts for 3% of all lung cancers. Although LCNEC is categorized among the non-small cell lung cancers, its biological behavior has recently been suggested to be very similar to that of a small cell pulmonary malignancy. The clinical outcome for patients with LCNEC is generally poor, and the optimal treatment for this malignancy has not yet been established.

Gamma Knife surgery for patients with jugular foramen schwannomas: a multiinstitutional retrospective study in Japan.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with jugular foramen schwannomas (JFSs). METHODS This study was a multiinstitutional retrospective analysis of 117 patients with JFSs who were treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) at 18 medical centers of the Japan Leksell Gamma Knife Society. The median age of the patients was 53 years.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial hemangioblastomas: a retrospective international outcome study.

Object: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of intracranial hemangioblastomas.

Methods: Six participating centers of the North American Gamma Knife Consortium and 13 Japanese Gamma Knife centers identified 186 patients with 517 hemangioblastomas who underwent SRS. Eighty patients had 335 hemangioblastomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and 106 patients had 182 sporadic hemangioblastomas.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases (JLGK0901): a multi-institutional prospective observational study.

Background: We aimed to examine whether stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as the initial treatment for patients with five to ten brain metastases is non-inferior to that for patients with two to four brain metastases in terms of overall survival.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled patients with one to ten newly diagnosed brain metastases (largest tumour <10 mL in volume and <3 cm in longest diameter; total cumulative volume ≤15 mL) and a Karnofsky performance status score of 70 or higher from 23 facilities in Japan. Standard stereotactic radiosurgery procedures were used in all patients; tumour volumes smaller than 4 mL were irradiated with 22 Gy at the lesion periphery and those that were 4-10 mL with 20 Gy.

[Usefulness of volume rendering stereo-movie in neurosurgical craniotomies].

In recent years, the advancements in MR technology combined with the development of the multi-channel coil have resulted in substantially shortened inspection times. In addition, rapid improvement in functional performance in the workstation has produced a more simplified imaging-making process. Consequently, graphical images of intra-cranial lesions can be easily created.

Associations of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and carotid atherosclerotic lesions with silent cerebral lesions.

Silent cerebral lesions are increasingly found in mass screenings using MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The purpose of this paper is to assess the usefulness of two non-invasive clinical tests-carotid ultrasound examination and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement-for predicting silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and silent intracranial arterial stenosis. Data were collected on 480 asymptomatic adult subjects who participated in a brain screening program at a single hospital between April 2003 and March 2006.

Increased intima media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery as risk factors for silent brain infarcts.

The presence of silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs), defined as lesions > or = 3 mm in diameter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is considered a predictor of symptomatic cerebrovascular disorders (CVDs). Similarly, SCI-like lesions < 3 mm in diameter, lesions which often occur in the deep white matter and basal ganglia, also may be a risk factor for CVD. This study evaluated the relationships between SCI and SCI-like brain lesions, as defined by MRI, and 2 findings on extracranial carotid ultrasonography: intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic plaque.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of traumatic subdural hematoma in the subacute stage.

Five cases of traumatic subdural hematomas in the subacute stage (from 7 to 20 days after head injury) were treated in one male and four females, aged from 63 to 82 years, with evacuation via craniotomy in three and aspiration via burr hole surgery in two. All hematomas were evaluated by T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Diffusion-weighted imaging showed the hematoma as a crescent high intensity area with a low intensity rim close to the brain surface (two-layered structure) in four cases and as high intensity with low intensity components in one case.

Subdural hyperintense band on diffusion-weighted imaging of chronic subdural hematoma indicates bleeding from the outer membrane.

The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of chronic subdural hematoma and the correlation between hematoma liquidity and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were investigated in 26 consecutive patients, 16 males and 10 females aged 42 to 92 years (mean +/- SD 73.3 +/- 13.1 years), with 31 chronic subdural hematomas.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of organized subdural hematoma--case report.

A 59-year-old male presented with a left organized subdural hematoma. The hematoma appeared as a homogeneous low density area on brain computed tomography and as hyperintense and isointense area on both fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging showed a crescent hyperintense area under the dura mater and an irregular hypointense area over the brain surface in the left subdural space.

[A case of organized chronic subdural hematoma presented with transient neurologic deficits].

A 59-year-old diabetic male presented with transient motor aphasia and monoparesis of the right upper limb. Brain CT scan showed a low density area in the left subdural space with a mild midline shift. Magnetic resonance (MR) T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imagings revealed homogenous hyperintensity with a hypointense web-like structure in the subdural hematoma.

[Gamma knife radiosurgery for spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF)].

Gamma knife radiosurgery was carried out for spontaneous CCF (carotid-cavernous sinus fistula) in 8 patients (1 male and 7 females), and its results were reported. The ages ranged from 48 to 74 years with a mean of 60.6 years.