Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody Might Be Effective Against Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Large Size Tumor.

Background/aim: Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although several ICI options are available, the treatment regimen for NSCLC with large size tumors (large NSCLC) is controversial and the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 antibody is unclear. This study thus investigated potential biomarkers for CTLA-4 blockade.

An Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Afatinib, Alectinib, Ceritinib, Crizotinib, Dacomitinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, and Osimertinib in Human Serum.

Background: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring is a promising approach for the rational use of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 5 EGFR-TKIs (afatinib, dacomitinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib) and 3 ALK inhibitors (alectinib, ceritinib, and crizotinib).

Methods: A 100-mL aliquot of serum was diluted with 100 μL of 1% aqueous ammonia containing internal standards and then purified using the supported liquid extraction method.

Effect of Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy on the Efficacy and Safety of Nivolumab in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Corticosteroids are used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with nivolumab. However, patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who are administered corticosteroids before the initiation of nivolumab treatment are commonly excluded from clinical trials. The appropriate timing for corticosteroid administration in relation to nivolumab treatment, effects of corticosteroids on the efficacy of nivolumab, and resulting adverse events are not clearly understood.

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Harboring an Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearrangement with Response to Alectinib.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is most commonly observed in lung adenocarcinoma in a subset of lung cancer. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) harboring an ALK rearrangement is very rare. Based on the findings from a transbronchial lung biopsy, a 75-year-old non-smoking woman was diagnosed with LCNEC with multiple liver and bone metastases.

[Comparative Study of the Antiemetic Palonosetron for Lung Cancer Patients Treated with a Divided Dose of Cisplatin].

Palonosetron(Palo)is a second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist(5-HT3RA)effective in suppressing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in both acute and delayed phases.Most studies have reported Palo as an effective antiemetic for cisplatin(CDDP)chemotherapy(≥50mg/m2)administered on an intermittent basis.To assess the antiemetic efficacy of Palo, we performed a retrospective study in 16 patients with lung cancer who received Palo with split-dose CDDP, ifosfamide, and irinotecan(CPT-11)triple combination(CIC)therapy at Sapporo Minami-Sanjo Hospital between October 2010 and January 2012.

[Comparative study of an antiemetic NK1 receptor-antagonist in lung cancer patients treated with divided doses for Cisplatin].

Aprepitant is a NK1 receptor-antagonist with a novel mechanism of action for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), and is recommended as a prophylactic by many international and domestic guidelines. However, domestic clinical trials of aprepitant have only been conducted using a single dose in patients who were treated with cisplatin(CDDP), and there is no evidence to support administration of aprepitant in divided doses. We administered aprepitant in divided doses to patients who were also being treated with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and irinotecan(CIC), and had CINV due to prophylactic administration of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone.

[Comparison of ramosetron and azasetron for prevention of acute and delayed cisplatin-induced emesis in lung cancer patients].

We performed a retrospective study that compared the efficacy and safety of ramosetron with azasetron in a case of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin (CDDP)-included chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. The study subjects were 100 lung cancer patients treated with combination therapy of cisplatin, ifosfamide, irinotecan (CIC therapy). The ramosetron group and azasetron group received, respectively, ramosetron 0.

[Comparison of dexamethasone 8 mg and 16 mg for the prevention of acute and delayed cisplatin-induced emesis in patients with lung cancer].

We performed a retrospective study that compared the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone (DEX) 8 mg with DEX 16 mg in cases of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Sixty-eight lung cancer patients treated with combination cisplatin, ifosfamide, and irinotecan therapy were studied. The DEX 8 mg group and the DEX 16 mg group received DEX intravenous injection 30 min prior to CDDP.

[Establishment of pharmaceutical management for patient care during lung cancer chemotherapy and its quantitative evaluation].

Pharmacists should play an important role in controlling the pharmaceutical management of the patients. Although the quantitative evaluations of pharmaceutical management are required systematically, no guideline is presented for patient care during lung cancer chemotherapy. We established a complete pharmaceutical management system and evaluated the performance of the system.

Phase I study of carboplatin, irinotecan and docetaxel on a divided schedule with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor support in patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase I study was conducted to determine dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carboplatin combined with irinotecan and docetaxel on a divided schedule with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) support in patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer. Carboplatin was given at the dose of AUC5 on day 1. Irinotecan and docetaxel on days 1 and 8 were administered at a starting dose of 40 and 30 mg/m2 as level 1.