Enhanced Degradation of Organic Pollutants with Microwave-induced Plasma-in-liquid (MPL): Case of Flame Retardant Tetrabromobisphenol-A in Alkaline Aqueous Media.

We report the enhanced degradation of a widely used brominated flame retardant, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), which is soluble only in organic solvents and strongly alkaline solutions, where most advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for such substrates tend to be rather inefficient. We further report an environmentally friendly method (microwave-induced plasma-in-liquid; MPL) that operates efficiently in alkaline aqueous media without the need for organic solvents to enhance the solubility of TBBPA in water. The enhanced debromination and almost complete mineralization of TBBPA under alkaline conditions occurs within 20 min of MPL irradiation.

Development of a Hg-free UV light source and its performance in photolytic and photocatalytic applications.

Constraints on light sources that use mercury (arc lamps) are evolving with the establishment of the Minamata Convention, which has led to the proliferation of LEDs. However, no LED light source emits intense ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths below 300 nm for photolytic applications. Thus, it is necessary to develop suitable UV light sources for the decontamination of wastewater and water sterilization processing.

Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamps (MDELs). Part XI. Photolytic, Chemical Oxidation, and Photocatalytic Treatment of Aqueous Urea Solution with a Novel MDEL Photoreactor.

Decomposition of urea in aqueous solution was carried out using a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) consisting of two photoreactors with a triple tube structure that generate vacuum-UV/UV light and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using microwaves (MW) as an energy source. The rate of decomposition of urea was highest under acidic conditions (pH 4) compared with those at pH 7 and 10. When used in combination with dispersed TiO, a photocatalyst, high decomposition efficiency was achieved with less power consumption.

Microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (MDELs). Part IX. A novel MDEL photoreactor for the photolytic and chemical oxidation treatment of contaminated wastewaters.

This article reports on the fabrication and enhanced performance of a novel microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) consisting of a three layered cylindrical structure that was effective in the remediation of wastewater containing the 2,4-D herbicide and the near total sterilization of bacteria-contaminated pond water (E. coli and other microorganisms) through photolysis with the emitted vacuum-UV (185 nm) and UVC (254 nm) light from the MDEL and through chemical oxidation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the photolysis of dioxygen and air oxygen through one of the photoreactors. The flow rates of the 1.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of nostocionone isolated from Nostoc commune Vauch and its derivatives against Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes is the primary pathogenic agent responsible for acne vulgaris on the skin and hair follicles. Overgrowth of this bacterium inhibits growth and promotes follicular inflammation, with an associated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. P.

Microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (MDEL). V. Microwave-assisted photolytic disinfection of Bacillus subtilis in simulated electroplating wash wastewaters.

This short article examines the microwave-assisted photolytic disinfection of aqueous solutions contaminated by Bacillus subtilis microorganisms using UV and vacuum-UV radiation emitted from a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL), a device containing a Hg/Ar gas-fill that was proposed recently for use in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Results of the disinfection are compared with those obtained from UV radiation emitted by a low-pressure electrode Hg lamp and by an excimer lamp. Also examined is the disinfection of B.

Microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (MDEL). Part IV. Novel self-ignition system incorporating metallic microwave condensing cones to activate MDELs in photochemical reactions.

A metallic condensing cone that concentrates microwave radiation (equivalent to an optical lens) has been developed and used as part of a system to activate a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) in the oxidative treatment of wastewaters by aiding the novel self-ignition of the lamp on irradiation at low microwave power levels. This approach to self-ignition can potentially lead to considerable energy savings in such treatments. System performance was examined for the ignition power of microwaves of such MDEL devices in water, whose usefulness was assessed by investigating the photolytic transformation of aqueous solutions of representatives of three classes of contaminants: chlorinated phenols, herbicides and endocrine disruptors, specifically 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol-A; BPA), respectively, taken as model wastewaters in air-equilibrated, in oxygen-saturated and in TiO2-containing aqueous media.

GABAergic modulation of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons: an in vivo microdialysis study.

We have demonstrated the effects of activation of presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors on glutamate release using in vivo brain microdialysis. A dialysis probe inserted into the hippocampus CA2 area of freely moving rats was perfused with Ringers solution containing 100 mM potassium chloride (KCl) or 0.05 mM veratridine for 20 min.