Significance of in vitro photodynamic cytodiagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid in biliary brush cytology for malignant biliary stricture.

Background: For the early diagnosis of malignant biliary stricture due to biliary-pancreatic carcinoma, conventional biliary brush cytology with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; the conventional method) is not sensitive enough.

Methods: Two hundred nine patients with biliary stricture who were admitted between September 2015 and June 2020 were enrolled in this study. Biliary brush cytology was performed on all patients.

[Usefulness of Fluorescent Urine Cytology in the Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma].

Five-aminolevulinic acid, an amino acid that is metabolized in the cytoplasm to become protoporphyrin IX, is used in photodynamic diagnosis in various carcinomas because it accumulates in higher concentrations in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescent urine cytology is more sensitive than conventional urine cytology only in low grade urothelial carcinoma (UC), but it showed a tendency for higher sensitivity in high grade UC. To increase the number of patients and reconsider our previous findings, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative urine cytology and fluorescent urine cytology in 343 patients diagnosed as having UCs pathologically (215 bladder cancers, 128 upper tract UCs) and 197 non-cancer patients at Osaka Rosai Hospital from March 2013 to December 2019.

A new 7-point method facilitates accurate diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma in routine urinary cytology practice.

Introduction: This study was designed to identify the minimal and necessary cell morphologies to be considered for high-precision diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in a routine urinary cytology practice.

Materials And Methods: We included 338 urine cytology specimens from 11 medical facilities in Japan. Six experts evaluated these Papanicolaou-stained specimens using their own diagnostic criteria to categorize them within an initial 4-tiered classification system.

Significance of in vitro photodynamic cytodiagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid in solid pancreatic tumors extracted by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration.

Background: Recently, photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has gained attention for the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. In the present study, an in vitro method of photodynamic cytodiagnosis (PDCD) performed using the reagent 5-ALA in the cytodiagnosis of solid pancreatic tumors was developed. Here, we assess the accuracy of PDCD for malignancy.

High diagnostic efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescent urine cytology for urothelial carcinoma.

Background: In general, urine cytology is often problematic because of its low sensitivity, especially for low-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) in clinical practice. To improve the sensitivity, we focused on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), because recent studies suggested that 5-ALA-induced urine cytology can be used for photodynamic diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of 5-ALA-induced fluorescent urine cytology for UC.

Rapid on-site cytologic examination of 1500 breast lesions using the modified Shorr's stain.

Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) cytology enables sample quality assessment in the procedure room and facilitates the process of examination. While its use for mammary lesions in one-stop breast clinics has been reported, its usefulness as a cytologic diagnostic tool has not been fully explored.

Methods: A total of 1500 examinations of core-needle biopsy imprint/fine-needle aspiration cytology were performed for outpatients with breast lesions.

Identification of the degradation products of the steroid sulfatase inhibitor KW-2581 in jet mill-micronized powder.

The novel steroid sulfatase inhibitor KW-2581 is poorly soluble in water, and jet milling was used in an attempt to increase its oral bioavailability. Unfortunately, however, the milled powder exhibited poorer qualities than the intact sample, including a lower level of crystallinity, higher water content, and increased decomposition rate. A comprehensive study of the jet milled sample was performed to identify the impurities and degradation mechanisms.

Urine cytology of micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

A case of micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) of urinary bladder is presented, in which the urine smear was studied in detail in an attempt to better characterize the cytologic findings of MPC. When the voided urine was examined in low power, cancer cells were scattered in the specimens as compact papillary/spheroidal clusters composed of pleomorphic cancer cells. Solitary carcinoma cells were occasionally observed.

Sarcomatoid collecting duct carcinoma of kidney diagnosed with urine and renal pelvic lavage cytology.

A case of sarcomatoid collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of kidney is presented, in which the diagnosis was made cytologically with voided urine and renal pelvis lavage. Cytology of hemorrhagic voided urine revealed highly atypical adenocarcinoma cells with reminiscent ductal structure, which suggested CDC as the most likely diagnosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left renal tumor, and selective lavage of left renal pelvis yielded spindle-shaped, highly atypical cells that indicated sarcomatoid carcinoma.