Association between the Depth of Sevoflurane or Propofol Anesthesia and the Incidence of Emergence Agitation in Children: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that the depth of general anesthesia affects emergence agitation (EA) in children in the early postanesthetic period. We retrospectively examined male and female children (aged 1-9 years) who underwent ambulatory surgery that lasted < 2 h. Various parameters, including the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Score (mYPAS) before anesthesia induction, the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score at recovery time, and the value of the patient state index (PSI), were extracted from our electronic anesthesia database.

Chronic allergic lung inflammation negatively influences neurobehavioral outcomes in mice.

Background: Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. Emerging data from epidemiological studies show that allergies and allergic diseases may be linked to anxiety, depression and cognitive decline. However, little is known about the effect of asthma, an allergic lung inflammation, on cognitive decline/behavioral changes.

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020).

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock.

Impact of clinical factors and UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 genotype on inter-individual differences in propofol pharmacokinetics.

Purpose: Propofol is one of the most widely used fast-acting intravenously administered anesthetics. However, although large inter-individual differences in dose requirements and recovery time have been observed, there are few previous studies in which the association between several potential covariates, including genetic factors such as the UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 genotypes, and propofol pharmacokinetics was simultaneously examined. This study aimed to identify factors determining propofol pharmacokinetics.

Double-stranded RNA-binding protein DRB3 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating PAP1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has five double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (DRB1-DRB5), two of which, DRB1 and DRB4, are well characterized. In contrast, the functions of DRB2, DRB3 and DRB5 have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we tried to uncover their functions using drb mutants and DRB-over-expressed lines.

Emergence agitation in children: risk factors, prevention, and treatment.

Emergence agitation (EA) in children is a major postoperative issue that increases the risk of patient self-harm, places a burden on nursing staff, and reduces parent satisfaction with treatment. Risk factors for EA include age, preoperative anxiety, patient personality, pain, anesthesia method, and surgical procedure. Sevoflurane and desflurane are widely used anesthetics due to their low blood/gas partition coefficients, but they have recently been posited as a cause of EA in children.

Lower incidence of emergence agitation in children after propofol anesthesia compared with sevoflurane: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) from general anesthesia has been reported as an adverse effect of sevoflurane in children. We describe a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared the incidence of EA between children who underwent sevoflurane anesthesia and those who underwent propofol anesthesia.

Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that met our inclusion criteria.

Higher fraction of inspired oxygen in anesthesia induction does not affect functional residual capacity reduction after intubation: a comparative study of higher and lower oxygen concentration.

Background: Low fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) reduces the atelectasis area during anesthesia induction. However, atelectasis may occur during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation because lungs can collapse within a fraction of a second. We assessed the effects of ventilation with 100 and 40 % oxygen on functional residual capacity (FRC) in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

[Airway management in a patient with Williams syndrome].

Williams syndrome is characterized by the triad of supravalvular aortic stenosis (SAS), mental retardation and elfin facies. Generally, difficult airway is expected in patients with Williams syndrome by characteristic face. A 26-year-old female with Williams syndrome was scheduled for abdominal myomectomy under general anesthesia.

[Influence of tidal volume on functional residual capacity during general anesthesia].

Background: Ventilation with lower tidal volume improves outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, it is questionable if ventilation strategy using lower tidal volumes created for patients with ARDS can be transferred to healthy patients undergoing general anesthesia. We assessed the effects of ventilation with lower tidal volumes and conventional tidal volumes on functional residual capacity (FRC) and Pa(O2)/FI(O2) (P/F) ratio in patients undergoing general anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery.

Specific requirement of DRB4, a dsRNA-binding protein, for the in vitro dsRNA-cleaving activity of Arabidopsis Dicer-like 4.

Arabidopsis thaliana Dicer-like 4 (DCL4) produces 21-nt small interfering RNAs from both endogenous and exogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), and it interacts with DRB4, a dsRNA-binding protein, in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of DRB4 in DCL4 activity remains unclear because the dsRNA-cleaving activity of DCL4 has not been characterized biochemically. In this study, we biochemically characterize DCL4's Dicer activity and establish that DRB4 is required for this activity in vitro.