Prevalence of Glaucoma and Its Systemic Risk Factors in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma and its risk factors in a Japanese community.

Methods: This study included 3405 Japanese community dwellers who were ≥40 years of age and enrolled in the Hisayama Study. This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018.

Clinical utility of antimicrobial susceptibility measurement plate covering formulated concentrations of various ophthalmic antimicrobial drugs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of SG17, an ophthalmic antimicrobial susceptibility measurement plate.

Design: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study.

Patients And Methods: Using clinical isolates from patients with ocular infections, drug susceptibility testing using the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute standards was routinely conducted at five facilities.

Properties of new diffusion filters for treatment of amblyopia with accurate occlusive effects.

Purpose: Our purpose is to present the characteristics of newly developed diffusion filters that can reduce the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the non-amblyopic eye to a specified value and that can be used to treat amblyopia.

Methods: Silica sol is a colorless and transparent colloidal gel of different particle sizes. The silica was added to an emulsion adhesive, thoroughly mixed, and coated evenly on polyethylene terephthalate films.

Submicroscopic deletions at 13q32.1 cause congenital microcoria.

Congenital microcoria (MCOR) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by inability of the iris to dilate owing to absence of dilator pupillae muscle. So far, a dozen MCOR-affected families have been reported worldwide. By using whole-genome oligonucleotide array CGH, we have identified deletions at 13q32.

[Questionnaire survey of ocular injuries due to fireworks in Japan].

Purpose: To report the results of a questionnaire survey of ocular injuries caused by fireworks in 2011.

Methods: A survey was performed by recovery of questionnaire postcards asking details of firework-related ocular injuries which were sent to 1,094 institutes recognized as training hospitals by the Japan Ophthalmological Society.

Results: The cards were recovered from 57.

Familial acorea, microphthalmia and cataract syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features of members of a family with acorea, microphthalmia and cataract syndrome. In addition, to perform linkage analysis on family members to determine possible candidate genes.

Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed on five affected members of a family consisting of a paternal grandmother, father and three children.

The effects of a convex rear-view mirror on ocular accommodative responses.

Convex mirrors are universally used as rear-view mirrors in automobiles. However, the ocular accommodative responses during the use of these mirrors have not yet been examined. This study investigated the effects of a convex mirror on the ocular accommodative systems.

Reconstruction of a nonfunctional trabeculectomy bleb using an amniotic membrane-wrapped silicone sponge to treat refractory glaucoma.

Background: This study was conducted to verify the usefulness of nonfunctional trabeculectomy bleb reconstruction using a silicone sponge wrapped with amniotic membrane. Its purpose was to allow aqueous humor to flow from the flap to the posterior orbital space.

Methods: Seven consecutive patients who had undergone two or more surgeries in one eye for refractory glaucoma followed by our operation were included in this study.

Genetic variants of FZD4 and LRP5 genes in patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex disease with a genetic predisposition, but little is known about its genetic background. It has a clinical resemblance to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a hereditary disease characterized by defects in the development of retinal vessels. Several studies have suggested that mutations in the causative genes for FEVR may account for a proportion of advanced ROP, but conflicting data have also been reported for some variants.

A classic temporal optic disc pit showing progression in the corresponding optic nerve fiber and visual field defects.

Purpose: We report a rare case with a classic temporal optic disc pit (ODP) showing the progression of an associated nerve fiber layer defect (NFLD) with the corresponding visual field defect (VFD).

Methods: We describe the patient's medical records and review the pertinent literature.

Results: A 54-year-old woman had a temporal ODP, which was considered to be congenital, associated with both NFLD expanded to both the upper and lower sides of the horizontal line and corresponding VFD and a small ODP-like excavation at the 6.

Identification of causative pathogens in eyes with bacterial conjunctivitis by bacterial cell count and microbiota analysis.

Purpose: To determine the causative pathogens in eyes with bacterial conjunctivitis.

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology.

Participants: Thirteen eyes diagnosed clinically with bacterial conjunctivitis and 12 eyes with normal conjunctival sac were studied.

Novel compound heterozygous mutations in the MFRP gene in a Japanese patient with posterior microphthalmos.

Purpose: To report a case of posterior microphthalmos caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations in the membrane-type frizzled-related protein (MFRP) gene.

Methods: A 9-year-old girl with posterior microphthalmos underwent a standard ophthalmological examination and genetic screening by direct sequencing.

Results: The patient had a short axial length, high hyperopia, crowded optic discs, and dilation and tortuosity of the retinal vessels.

Potential preventive effects of a new visual intervention for accommodative insufficiency and asthenopia due to sustained near task.

Background: The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate whether a new visual intervention with optical and binocular vergence demands prevents accommodative insufficiency and asthenopia after sustained periods of visual task.

Methods: Fourteen female students were given the intervention with optical and binocular vergence demands for 1.5 min immediately after 20 min of a sustained task on a three-dimensional display.

Mutations in the TSPAN12 gene in Japanese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To search for mutations in the TSPAN12 gene in 90 Japanese probands with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and their family members and to determine the types and frequencies of the mutations.

Design: Laboratory investigation and clinical case analyses.

Methods: Direct sequencing after polymerase chain reaction of the coding exons of TSPAN12 was performed for 90 probands with FEVR and some of their family members.

IOP measured by dynamic contour tonometry correlates with IOP measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry and non-contact tonometry in Japanese individuals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was threefold. We sought to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) with that measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and noncontact tonometry (NCT). We also examined the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature radius (CCR) on the IOP measurements.

Angiographic changes in iris and iridocorneal angle neovascularization after intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the intravitreal (IV) injection of bevacizumab on anterior segment neovascularization using anterior segment angiography.

Methods: We observed 1 eye with iris and iridocorneal angle neovascularization and 3 with neovascular glaucoma from 4 patients with diabetic retinopathy in 3 eyes and central retinal vein occlusion in 1 eye. Two healthy eyes from 2 other patients served as control eyes.

Transcriptional regulation of activating transcription factor 4 under oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19/HPV-16 cells.

Purpose: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases such as retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is induced by various stressors, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, and ATF4 expression is regulated translationally through the PERK pathway of eIF2α phosphorylation. Transcriptional regulation of the ATF4 gene under oxidative stress was investigated in human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16)-transformed retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19/HPV-16 cells.

Quercetin induces the expression of peroxiredoxins 3 and 5 via the Nrf2/NRF1 transcription pathway.

Purpose: The flavonoids have potent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties and are beneficial in the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases including glaucoma. The authors have previously reported that antiglaucoma agents could transcriptionally activate the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin (PRDX)2. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether quercetin can activate transcription factors and induce the expression of the PRDX family.

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Repair of Leaking Glaucoma Filtering Blebs with Scleral Perforation.

Leaking glaucoma filtering blebs with scleral perforation were successfully repaired in two patients using amniotic membrane transplantation. The amniotic membrane was placed into the subconjunctival space to cover the perforated scleral area. The edge of the limbal conjunctiva was sutured to the peripheral cornea with conjunctival advancement over the amniotic membrane.

Histology of fibrovascular membranes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.

Purpose: The purpose was to study the histology of the fibrovascular membranes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.

Methods: Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on surgical specimens obtained during a pars plana vitrectomy from 6 PDR eyes after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. The patients had preoperatively received no or scant retinal photocoagulations.

Nipradilol and timolol induce Foxo3a and peroxiredoxin 2 expression and protect trabecular meshwork cells from oxidative stress.

Purpose: Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of glaucoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the novel effect of antiglaucoma drugs on the expression of antioxidant peroxiredoxins of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells.

Methods: The expression of the peroxiredoxin family was investigated using immortalized TM cell lines.

The influence of central corneal thickness and corneal curvature radius on the intraocular pressure as measured by different tonometers: noncontact and goldmann applanation tonometers.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether or not central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature radius (CCR) influence the concordance of intraocular pressure (IOP) readings taken with a noncontact tonometer (NCT) and a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT).

Methods: Eighty-seven eyes from 87 patients without any histories of intraocular operation were enrolled in the present study. We calculated the difference in IOP readings between the 2 methods (NCT-GAT), and then examined the relationship between the IOP readings, and CCT and CCR using a linear regression line.

Tip60 is regulated by circadian transcription factor clock and is involved in cisplatin resistance.

Histone modification is important for maintaining chromatin structure and function. Recently, histone acetylation has been shown to have a critical regulatory role in both transcription and DNA repair. We report here that expression of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) genes is associated with cisplatin resistance.