[Successful disease control of plasma cell leukemia by the treatment comprising proteasome inhibitors, followed by daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone therapy].

A 59-year-old woman was referred by her family doctor to our hospital owing to anemia, nausea, and malaise. She was diagnosed with primary plasma cell leukemia based on her laboratory and morphologic findings. She was treated with high dose of dexamethasone; cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone; and carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone.

Achievement of long-term remission of disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient.

Histoplasmosis, a fungal infection caused by , is poor prognosis once it disseminated, especially in immunocompromised patients. A 50-year-old Japanese-Brazilian male with multiple cervical lymphadenopathies was diagnosed as disseminated histoplasmosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Anti-fungal therapy was initiated followed by anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis treated with continuous renal replacement therapy.

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but life-threatening complication. We report a case of MALA in a man aged 71 years who was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The patient was brought to the hospital for prolonged and gradual worsening gastrointestinal symptoms.

Plzf drives MLL-fusion-mediated leukemogenesis specifically in long-term hematopoietic stem cells.

Oncogenic transformation requires unlimited self-renewal. Currently, it remains unclear whether a normal capacity for self-renewal is required for acquiring an aberrant self-renewal capacity. Our results in a new conditional transgenic mouse showed that a mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion oncogene, MLL-ENL, at an endogenous-like expression level led to leukemic transformation selectively in a restricted subpopulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through upregulation of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (Plzf).