The role of single instillation chemotherapy in patients who receive subsequent bacillus Calmette-Guérin: A retrospective single centre study, and systematic review of the literature.

Introduction: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effect of immediate intravesical chemotherapy and subsequent bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.

Methods: The study population consisted of 207 intermediate- or high-risk patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent an induction course of BCG between 1993 and 2007. We introduced single immediate instillation of 50 mg epirubicin for all cases in 2004, and thus earlier cases could be considered as historical controls.

Preoperative parameters to predict incidental (T1a and T1b) prostate cancer.

Introducton: Prostate cancer has been found incidentally in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) specimens without prior diagnosis in 5% to 13% of the patients. We evaluated whether incidental prostate cancer (stages T1a and T1b) could be predicted preoperatively.

Methods: TURP was performed in 307 patients between 2006 and 2011.

Third-line hormonal therapy to treat prostate cancer relapse after initial and second-line hormonal therapy: report of 52 cases and literature review.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of third-line combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer that relapsed after primary and second-line CAB. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 52 patients who received first-, second-, and third-line CAB therapy (medical or surgical castration, plus steroidal antiandrogen of chlormadinone acetate, or nonsteroidal antiandrogen of flutamide or bicalutamide). For cumulative analysis, we searched the PubMed database and identified a total of 50 cases published in English.

Survival following primary androgen deprivation therapy for localized intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer: comparison with the life expectancy of the age-matched normal population.

The representative guidelines do not recommend androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as a primary treatment for localized prostate cancer. However, in clinical practice, the use of primary ADT for localized prostate cancer has been widespread, especially among older patients. We performed a retrospective review of the efficacy of primary ADT for localized prostate cancer and compared their outcomes with the life expectancy of the normal population.

Efficacy of tegafur-uracil (UFT) administration in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with a history of both alternative antiandrogen therapy and estramustine phosphate sodium hydrate therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tegafur-uracil (UFT) administration as a fourth-line therapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who had already received combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy (first-line), alternative antiandrogen therapy (second-line), and estramustine phosphate sodium hydrate (EMP) therapy (third-line), in order to determine who would benefit from UFT therapy.

Methods: UFT was administered at a daily dose of 300 mg/m(2) to 26 patients, and the response to UFT 4 weeks after its induction and its toxicity were evaluated.

Results: A reduction in the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value was observed in 12 patients (46.

Efficacy of estramustine phosphate sodium hydrate (EMP) monotherapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: report of 102 cases and review of literature.

This retrospective chart review study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of estramustine phosphate sodium hydrate (EMP) monotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and to determine who would benefit from EMP therapy. EMP was administered at a daily dose of 560 mg to 102 patients as a third-line therapy, who had already received combined androgen blockade (CAB) and subsequent alternative antiandrogen therapy. The responses to EMP after its induction and its toxicity were evaluated.

Who Would Benefit from Solifenacin Add-On Therapy to Tamsulosin for Overactive Bladder Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

Objectives: We evaluated the types of patient factors that influence the efficacy and safety of solifenacin add-on therapy to tamsulosin in men with overactive bladder (OAB) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: A total of 130 BPH patients with persistent OAB symptoms despite undergoing alpha1-adrenagic antagonist monotherapy were enrolled in this study. Their OAB symptoms persisted after monotherapy consisting of tamsulosin 0.

The type of patients who would benefit from anti-androgen withdrawal therapy: could it be performed safely for aggressive prostate cancer?

This study was designed to detect the factors that were significantly associated with the results of anti-androgen withdrawal (AAWD) therapy, and to examine whether patients with aggressive prostate cancer demonstrating a short prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-doubling time (DT) could benefit from it without even greater exacerbation of the disease. We conducted a retrospective chart review study of 121 patients who received AAWD therapy due to failed combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy. A reduction in the serum PSA level after AAWD was observed in 35 patients (28.

Positive posterior margin of needle biopsy cores is an independent predictor for extracapsular extension in retropubic radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To introduce the new preoperative parameter as a predictor for extracapsular extension (ECE), we defined the presence of tumor at the stump of the rectum side on prostate needle biopsy as a positive posterior margin (PPM), and speculated that PPM is related to ECE.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 230 patients who underwent prostate needle biopsy and retropubic radical prostatectomy between 2001 and 2011. We analyzed the association between their clinicopathological parameters and ECE.

Risk of subsequent tumour recurrence and stage progression in bacille Calmette-Guérin relapsing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? So far, few previous reports have analysed the risk factors for tumour recurrence and stage progression with a special focus on BCG-relapsing disease, defined as the recurrence after achieving a disease-free status by initial BCG instillations for 6 months. There are no guidelines outlining a specific treatment strategy for BCG-relapsing disease, although many BCG failure cases are attributable to BCG-relapsing disease. In this study, additional BCG instillation was shown to decrease the subsequent tumour recurrence rate against BCG-relapsing tumours with intermediate pathological risk features; however, a BCG-relapsing tumour with a pathologically high risk was a significant risk factor for both subsequent tumour recurrence and stage progression.

Efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape compared with transobturator tape in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: analysis of learning curve, perioperative changes of voiding function.

Background: In this study, by comparing TVT surgery and TOT surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women, the characteristics and learning curves of both operative methods were studied.

Methods: A total of 83 women with stress urinary incontinence treated with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) (n = 38) or transobturator tape (TOT) (n = 45) at Saiseikai Central Hospital between April 2004 and September 2009 were included. We compare the outcomes and learning curves between TVT surgery and TOT surgery.

[Assessments of quality of life in women with urinary incontinence using: King's Health Questionnaire and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form].

The differences in quality of life (QOL) impairment due to urinary incontinence between elderly and younger women were evaluated using King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The subjects were 313 women who consulted the Women's Urinary Incontinence Clinic of Saiseikai Central Hospital between March, 2005 and January, 2008. They were divided into those below or above the cut-off age of 55, 60 or 65 years.

[A case of double cancer involving the urachus and the bladder].

A 49-year-old male was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of gross hematuria. We performed cystoscopy, and found a solid tumor at the dome of the bladder. Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extravesical tumor at the position of the urachus.

[A case of intravesical foreign body with a vesical rupture invading the peritoneal cavity: a case report].

A 63-year-old male presented with an intravesical foreign body. We could not remove it by a transurethral operation. We performed open surgery, and found the urinary bladder to be perforated by a foreign body which invaded the peritoneal cavity.

[Primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter: a case report].

An 84-year-old female was referred to our hospital to be examined for left hydronephrosis. Abdominal pelvic computed tomography and ureteroscopy showed an obstructing mass in the left ureter. A biopsy of the mass revealed the presence of small cell carcinoma.

[Clinical study of six cases of pyourachus at our hospital].

We encountered 6 patients with pyourachus (male, 1; female, 5) who ranged in age from 17 to 58 years (mean, 41 years) during the 7 years from 1993 to 1999. Three of them had a history of gynecological surgery, and 2 had a history of appendectomy. Improvement was observed in one patient with conservative therapy alone, but the other 5 patients underwent surgery.