Evaluation of Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses Induced by a Nasal Powder Delivery System in Conjunction with an OVA Antigen in Cynomolgus Monkeys.

An immune response for a nasal ovalbumin (OVA) powder formulation with an applied nasal delivery platform technology, consisting of a powdery nasal carrier and a device, was evaluated in monkeys with similar upper respiratory tracts and immune systems to those of humans, in order to assess the applicability to a vaccine antigen. Nasal distribution and retention studies using a 3D nasal cavity model and manganese-enhanced MRI were conducted by administering nasal dye and manganese powder formulations with the applied technology. Systemic and mucosal immune responses for the nasal OVA powder formulation were evaluated by determining serum IgG and nasal wash IgA antibody titers.

Immunoreactivity of phage library-derived human single-chain antibodies to amyloid beta conformers in vitro.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involves conformational changes of A beta. A series of antibodies recognizing a distinct conformation of A beta (snapshot antibody) is useful for both understanding the mechanism of molecular conversion and identifying diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. As A beta with various conformations can be prepared in vitro under varying physicochemical conditions, snapshot antibodies can be isolated by directly binding to target molecules with antibody-displaying phages.