Non-traumatic thoracic aortic emergencies: imaging diagnosis and management.

The major component of non-traumatic thoracic aortic emergencies is the acute aortic syndromes. These include acute aortic dissection, intramural haematoma and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, grouped together because they are indistinguishable clinically and highly fatal. All three entities involve disruption to the tunica intima and media and may be complicated by rupture, end-organ ischaemia or aneurysmal transformation.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and HIV/AIDS: A New Way of Modulation of Cardiovascular Risk.

With the advent and subsequent success of antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection has largely become a chronic condition and is increasingly seen alongside metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, the administration of antiretroviral therapy itself is associated with an increase in the incidence of metabolic risk factors, namely insulin resistance, lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia, and abnormalities of fat distribution, in HIV patients. Thus, further challenges in the management of HIV patients include the management of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Distinct moieties underlie biphasic H gating of connexin43 channels, producing a pH optimum for intercellular communication.

Most mammalian cells can intercommunicate via connexin-assembled, gap-junctional channels. To regulate signal transmission, connexin (Cx) channel permeability must respond dynamically to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. One key stimulus is intracellular pH (pH), which is modulated by a tissue's metabolic and perfusion status.