Age-related changes in the radiologic findings of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To investigate the age-related changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) during long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter study included 91 patients who underwent preoperative MRI and had a histopathological diagnosis of LEGH, atypical LEGH, or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) with LEGH after surgical resection. Thirty patients underwent follow-up MRIs at intervals of more than 3 months.

Uterine peristalsis of adenomyosis patients on cine magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Adenomyosis, a common gynecologic disease, can cause infertility. Uterine peristalsis (UP) is a wave-like contraction. Abnormal UP has been linked to infertility.

Toward Clinical Implementation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Placental Function.

Placental insufficiency is a critical condition in perinatal medicine, clinically manifesting as fetal growth restriction or preeclampsia. In addition to ultrasound and Doppler velocimetry, MRI has been assessed intensively for its potential to evaluate placental function directly. Several methods investigated to date include anthropometry, visual assessments using T2-weighted images, and quantitative evaluations based on T2 values, hypoxia indicators (T2* values and blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging), and perfusion metrics (intravoxel incoherent motion and arterial spin labeling).

Feasibility/clinical utility of half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo imaging combined with deep learning reconstruction in gynecologic magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: When antispasmodics are unavailable, the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER; called BLADE by Siemens Healthineers) or half Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) is clinically used in gynecologic MRI. However, their imaging qualities are limited compared to Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) with antispasmodics. Even with antispasmodics, TSE can be artifact-affected, necessitating a rapid backup sequence.

Limited diagnostic performance of imaging evaluation for staging in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: a multi-center study.

Purpose: The purposes of the study are to assess the diagnostic performance of preoperative imaging for staging factors in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) and to compare the performance for GEA with that of usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA) among patients preoperatively deemed locally early stage (DLES) (< T2b without distant metastasis).

Materials And Methods: For this multi-center retrospective study, 58 patients were enrolled. All had undergone MRI with or without CT and FDG PET-CT preoperatively and had been pathologically diagnosed with GEA at five institutions.

Diagnosis of a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Involving the Superior Sagittal Sinus: The MMA Sign on Routine 3D-TOF MR Angiography.

Background And Purpose: The main feeding artery of a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) involving the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is the middle meningeal artery (MMA). MMA extends continuously from the proximal part to SSS in DAVF involving SSS. It is possible to diagnose DAVF involving SSS by evaluating the proximal part of MMA on routine three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA).

Preoperative Imaging Evaluation of Endometrial Cancer in FIGO 2023.

The staging of endometrial cancer is based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system according to the examination of surgical specimens, and has revised in 2023, 14 years after its last revision in 2009. Molecular and histological classification has incorporated to new FIGO system reflecting the biological behavior and prognosis of endometrial cancer. Nonetheless, the basic role of imaging modalities including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography, as a preoperative assessment of the tumor extension and also the evaluation points in CT and MRI imaging are not changed, other than several point of local tumor extension.

Prognostic value of pretreatment FDG PET/CT in uterine cervical cancer according to two major histologic types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment Positron emission tomography / computed tomography using F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) in cervical cancer according to two major histologic types.

Methods: Eighty-three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and 35 adenocarcinoma (AC) patients who underwent pretreatment FDG-PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), mean standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor were calculated.

Development of an Algorithm to Differentiate Uterine Sarcoma from Fibroids Using MRI and LDH Levels.

Background: This study aimed to establish an evaluation method for detecting uterine sarcoma with 100% sensitivity using MRI and serum LDH levels.

Methods: One evaluator reviewed the MRI images and LDH values of a total of 1801 cases, including 36 cases of uterine sarcoma and 1765 cases of uterine fibroids. The reproducibility of the algorithm was also examined by four evaluators with different imaging experience and abilities, using a test set of 61 cases, including 14 cases of uterine sarcoma.

Obstetric pelvimetry by three-dimensional computed tomography in non-pregnant Japanese women: a retrospective single-center study.

Objective: While a basic understanding of pelvic size and typology is still important for obstetricians, pelvic measurement data for Japanese women are very scarce. To our best knowledge, no large-scale pelvimetry studies of Japanese women have been made for the past 50 years. This study aimed to investigate the accurate size, particularly the obstetric conjugate (OC) and transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet (TD), of modern Japanese women, using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT), and to obtain their reference values.

A case of paraovarian tumor of borderline malignancy with decrease of apparent diffusion coefficient value and marked 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation.

Para-ovarian cysts are occasionally encountered in clinical practice; however, malignant tumors derived from them are rare. Due to its rarity, the characteristic imaging findings of para-ovarian tumors with borderline malignancy (PTBM) are largely unknown. Herein, we report a case of PTBM, along with imaging findings.

Automatic segmentation of bladder cancer on MRI using a convolutional neural network and reproducibility of radiomics features: a two-center study.

This study aimed to develop a versatile automatic segmentation model of bladder cancer (BC) on MRI using a convolutional neural network and investigate the robustness of radiomics features automatically extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. This two-center retrospective study used multi-vendor MR units and included 170 patients with BC, of whom 140 were assigned to training datasets for the modified U-net model with five-fold cross-validation and 30 to test datasets for assessment of segmentation performance and reproducibility of automatically extracted radiomics features. For model input data, diffusion-weighted images with b = 0 and 1000 s/mm, ADC maps, and multi-sequence images (b0-b1000-ADC maps) were used.

Risk Stratification for Pregnancies Diagnosed With Fetal Growth Restriction Based on Placental MRI.

Background: Diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) entails difficulties with differentiating fetuses not fulfilling their growth potential because of pathologic conditions, such as placental insufficiency, from constitutionally small fetuses. The feasibility of placental MRI for risk stratification among pregnancies diagnosed with FGR remains unexplored.

Purpose: To explore quantitative MRI features useful to identify pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes and to assess the diagnostic performance of visual analysis of MRI to detect pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes, among pregnancies diagnosed with FGR.

MR findings of polypoid endometriosis of female genital organs: report of three cases.

Polypoid endometriosis is a benign, rare variant of endometriosis that forms polypoid nodules mimicking malignant tumors. For three cases of polypoid endometriosis of female genital organs, this report presents characteristic MR imaging features reflecting the histopathological findings. The solid and microcystic pattern or the multilocular pattern both reflecting dilated endometrial glands, and characteristic morphology of the nodules, multilobulated or polypoid-shaped, were helpful diagnostic clues present in these three cases.

MRI in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Related Diseases.

Endometriosis, a common chronic inflammatory disease in female of reproductive age, is closely related to patient symptoms and fertility. Because of its high contrast resolution and objectivity, MRI can contribute to the early and accurate diagnosis of ovarian endometriotic cysts and deeply infiltrating endometriosis without the need for any invasive procedure or radiation exposure. The ovaries, which are the most frequent site of endometriosis, can be afflicted by multiple related conditions and diseases.

Placental functional assessment and its relationship to adverse pregnancy outcome: comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI, T2-relaxation time, and umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound.

Background: Early identification of placental insufficiency can lead to appropriate treatment selections and can improve neonates' outcomes. Possible contributions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been suggested.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic capabilities of placental intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and T2-relaxation time, and their correlation with fetal growth and adverse outcomes, comparing umbilical artery (UmA) pulsatility index (PI).

Ovarian cancer reporting lexicon for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging developed by the SAR Uterine and Ovarian Cancer Disease-Focused Panel and the ESUR Female Pelvic Imaging Working Group.

Objectives: Imaging evaluation is an essential part of treatment planning for patients with ovarian cancer. Variation in the terminology used for describing ovarian cancer on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can lead to ambiguity and inconsistency in clinical radiology reports. The aim of this collaborative project between Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) Uterine and Ovarian Cancer (UOC) Disease-focused Panel (DFP) and the European Society of Uroradiology (ESUR) Female Pelvic Imaging (FPI) Working Group was to develop an ovarian cancer reporting lexicon for CT and MR imaging.

Radiomic machine learning for pretreatment assessment of prognostic risk factors for endometrial cancer and its effects on radiologists' decisions of deep myometrial invasion.

Purpose: To evaluate radiomic machine learning (ML) classifiers based on multiparametric magnetic resonance images (MRI) in pretreatment assessment of endometrial cancer (EC) risk factors and to examine effects on radiologists' interpretation of deep myometrial invasion (dMI).

Methods: This retrospective study examined 200 consecutive patients with EC during January 2004 -March 2017, divided randomly to Discovery (n = 150) and Test (n = 50) datasets. Radiomic features of tumors were extracted from T2-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficient map, and contrast enhanced T1-weighed images.