Rotaxanes with a photoresponsive macrocycle modulate the lipid bilayers of large and giant unilamellar vesicles.

Rotaxanes equipped with actuators hold great potential for developing highly functional molecular machines. Such systems could significantly enhance our ability to study and manipulate biological and artificial membranes. Here, we introduce a rotaxane with a ring featuring two azobenzene photoswitches, which retain their photoreversibility and can be stochastically shuttled along the axle in solution.

Thiourea-based rotaxanes: anion transport across synthetic lipid bilayers and antibacterial activity against .

We report the synthesis of two rotaxanes (1 and 2) whose rings have appended thiourea units for the selective recognition of Cl anions. Rotaxane 1 transports Cl across synthetic lipid bilayers more efficiently than 2, exhibiting EC values of 0.243 mol% 0.

Comparing machine learning screening approaches using clinical data and cytokine profiles for COVID-19 in resource-limited and resource-abundant settings.

Accurate screening of COVID-19 infection status for symptomatic patients is a critical public health task. Although molecular and antigen tests now exist for COVID-19, in resource-limited settings, screening tests are often not available. Furthermore, during the early stages of the pandemic tests were not available in any capacity.

Stimuli-responsive release of active anionophore from RGD-peptide-linked proanionophore.

Integrin-mediated cellular delivery was attempted to optimize practical applications of hydrophobic ionophores. The potent ionophore preferentially transports H/Cl across the lipid bilayers following a symport mechanism. The RGD-peptide-appended tag was stimulated by glutathione to generate the active ionophore, prompting the transport of Cl under the cellular environment.

Quinoline Thiourea-Based Zinc Ionophores with Antibacterial Activity.

The increasing resistance of bacteria to commercially available antibiotics threatens patient safety in healthcare settings. Perturbation of ion homeostasis has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to fight against antibacterial resistance and other channelopathies. This study reports the development of 8-aminoquinoline (QN) derivatives and their transmembrane Zn transport activities.

Clinicopathological profile of peritoneal tuberculosis and a new scoring model for predicting mortality: an international ID-IRI study.

Existing literature about peritoneal tuberculosis (TBP) is relatively insufficient. The majority of reports are from a single center and do not assess predictive factors for mortality. In this international study, we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of a large series of patients with TBP and determined the key features associated with mortality.

Classical fever of unknown origin in 21 countries with different economic development: an international ID-IRI study.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a serious challenge for physicians. The aim of the present study was to consider epidemiology and dynamics of FUO in countries with different economic development. The data of FUO patients hospitalized/followed between 1st July 2016 and 1st July 2021 were collected retrospectively and submitted from referral centers in 21 countries through ID-IRI clinical research platform.

Effective hydrolysis for waste plant biomass impacts sustainable fuel and reduced air pollution generation: A comprehensive review.

Among various natural biowastes availability in the environment, agricultural residues showed great impacts. It is due to huge availability and cheap carbon source, creating big challenges for their utility and systematic reduction. Objective of this review is to address the waste biomass availability and huge quantities issues and also put effort to minimize this nutrient load via biotransforming into value-added products.

Analysing the role of gender and place of residence in acceptability and satisfaction towards e-learning among university students' during COVID-19 pandemic in India.

This paper has two broad objectives; the first is to examine the challenges of e-learning faced by the students keeping in view their place of residence and gender in India, particularly during the second-wave of Covid-19. The second objective is to examine the role of place of residence and gender of students in the acceptance and satisfaction towards e-learning. The data has been obtained through an online survey of the students of University of Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, in which a total of 490 students participated.

Self-reported antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures from 57 intensive care units: An international ID-IRI survey.

We explored the self-reported antibiotic stewardship (AS), and infection prevention and control (IPC) activities in intensive care units (ICUs) of different income settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect data about IPC and AS measures in participating ICUs. The study participants were Infectious Diseases-International Research Initiative (IDI-IR) members, committed as per their institutional agreement form.

Vaccine hesitancy and refusal among parents: An international ID-IRI survey.

Introduction: Although vaccines are the safest and most effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases, the increasing rate of vaccine hesitancy and refusal (VHR) has become a worldwide concern. We aimed to find opinions of parents on vaccinating their children and contribute to available literature in order to support the fight against vaccine refusal by investigating the reasons for VHR on a global scale.

Methodology: In this international cross-sectional multicenter study conducted by the Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI), a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used to determine parents' attitudes towards vaccination of their children.

A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar.

microevolution of and transient emergence of _Ala63Pro mutation during treatment in a pre-XDR TB patient.

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Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 Hospitalized in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: COVID-19 became a pandemic rapidly after its emergence in December 2019. It belongs to the coronavirus family of viruses, which have struck a few times before in history. Data based on previous research regarding etiology and epidemiology of other viruses from this family helped played a vital role in formulating prevention and precaution strategies during the initial stages of this pandemic.

Vector-borne and zoonotic infections and their relationships with regional and socioeconomic statuses: An ID-IRI survey in 24 countries of Europe, Africa and Asia.

Background: In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats.

Method: VBZIs' data between May 20-28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income.

Stimuli-responsive transmembrane anion transport by AIE-active fluorescent probes.

Anticancer drug resistance implicates multifunctional mechanisms, and hypoxia is one of the key factors in therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-specific therapy is considered an extremely effective strategy to fight against cancer. The development of small molecule-based synthetic anion transporters has also recently drawn attention for their potential therapeutic applications against several ion-transport-associated diseases, such as cancer and others.

Delayed admissions and efficacy of steroid use in patients with critical and severe COVID-19: an apprehensive approach.

Background: Inadvertent delays in access to appropriate therapeutic interventions in high-risk group coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients contribute to mortality in patients with severe/critical disease presentation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of timely admission to the hospital on mortality of patients with severe/critical COVID-19. Another secondary aspect of this study was to observe the efficacy of time-dependent use of corticosteroids on mortality of critical/severe COVID-19 patients.

Modelling the impact of changes to abdominal aortic aneurysm screening and treatment services in England during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening programme (NAAASP) in England screens 65-year-old men. The programme monitors those with an aneurysm, and early intervention for large aneurysms reduces ruptures and AAA-related mortality. AAA screening services have been disrupted following COVID-19 but it is not known how this may impact AAA-related mortality, or where efforts should be focussed as services resume.

An Overview of the Treatment Options Used for the Management of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Since the first reports of COVID-19 infection, the foremost requirement has been to identify a treatment regimen that not only fights the causative agent but also controls the associated complications of the infection. Due to the time-consuming process of drug discovery, physicians have used readily available drugs and therapies for treatment of infections to minimize the death toll.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a snapshot analysis of the major drugs used in a cohort of 1562 Pakistani patients during the period from May to July 2020, when the first wave of COVID-19 peaked in Pakistan.

Building better tuberculosis control systems in a post-COVID world: learning from Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: All countries impacted by COVID-19 have had to change routine health service delivery. Although this has reversed some of the progress made in reducing the global burden of tuberculosis (TB) disease, there is an opportunity to incorporate lessons learned to improve TB programmes going forward.

Approach: We use Pakistan as a case study to discuss three important adaptations in light of COVID-19: bringing care closer to patients; strengthening primary health care systems; and proactively addressing stigma and fear.

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Changes to the Surveillance Intervals in the UK Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and cost-effectiveness of lengthening the time between surveillance ultrasound scans in the UK Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Screening Programme.

Methods: A discrete event simulation model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AAA screening for men aged 65, comparing current surveillance intervals to 6 alternative surveillance interval strategies that lengthened the time between surveillance scans for 1 or more AAA size categories. The model considered clinical events and costs incurred over a 30-year time horizon and the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).