[Improvement of outcomes in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome: the place of PCSK9 inhibitors. The Resolution of National Advisory Board].

On April 9, 2018, the national advisory board "Improvement of outcomes in patients with recent ACS: the place of PCSK9 inhibitors" was held in Moscow. Leading Russian experts in the field of atherosclerosis and lipid-lowering treatment attended the board. The purpose of the Board was to determine the place of PCSK9 inhibitors in the improvement of outcomes in patients with recent (less than 1 year) acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

[Diagnosis and treatment of disturbances of lipid metabolism in children and adolescents].

It has been demonstrated in prospective and epidemiological studies that excessive consumption of saturated and trans-fats, refined carbohydrates, epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents have prognostic value in relation to development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adults. Pediatricians should initiate long-term prevention of CVD in early age. At present there are scientific data on safety and efficacy of drugs in the treatment of dyslipidemia in adolescent age.

Capillary isotachophoresis study of lipoprotein network sensitive to apolipoprotein E phenotype. 2. ApoE and apoC-III relations in triglyceride clearance.

The plasma (P), VLDL (V) triglyceride and apoB (B) clearance rates were measured both as 'mass' clearance (k (1)) and 'within the particle' clearance in three patient groups (E33, E23 and E34 phenotypes) at heparin-induced lipolysis in vivo. The lipid (C)- and apoE (E)-specific lipoprotein profiles both before and after heparin were followed by capillary isotachophoresis. The displacement of apoE by exogenous apoC-III at plasma titration in vitro was measured as well.

[Attitude of district internists to the problem of secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease (results of a special questionnaire survey)].

Attitude of district internists to the realization of a concept of secondary prevention (SP) of ischemic heart disease was studied in one of large cities in Russia. Among preparations most necessary for SP the following were named: b-blockers (79.5%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (49.

[Rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease at outpatient stage.].

The article is assigned to general practitioners and devoted to the outpatient combined rehabilitation of coronary heart disease patients, including those after myocardial infarction. In the part concerning the physical rehabilitation there is given the classification of patients by functional classes, the exercise programs of middle intensity for sport and home training. The formula of selection of the walking training temp according to the results of exercise stress test is given.

Simvastatin and preparation of polyunsaturated phospholipids produce similar changes in the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins during hypercholesterolemia.

We studied the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia treated with simvastatin (Zocor, inhibitor of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis) and preparation of polyunsaturated phospholipids (lipostabil forte). Simvastatin produced a hypolipidemic effect and modulates the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins (similarly to lipostabil forte). These changes contribute to functional activity of high-density lipoproteins in the reverse cholesterol transport.

[Clinical efficacy of tianeptine in patients with ischemic heart disease and comorbid depression].

Ischemic heart disease patients (20 men, 20 women, age 36-72 years) with class II-III effort angina and depression (Beck Depression Inventory -- BDI -- score > or = 19) were randomized to standard therapy were treatment of stable ischemic heart disease (control group) or standard therapy plus tianeptine 37.5 mg/day. After 6 weeks 52% decrease of BDI score occurred in tianeptine treated patients (from 24.

Effects of simvastatin on the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

We studied the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after treatment with simvastatin. Individual phospholipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography on glass plates coated with silica gel. It was found that apart from hypolipidemic effect, simvastatin changed the concentration and phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins, which improved their cholesterol-accepting and cholesterol-transporting properties.

Phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins reflects lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during hyperlipidemia.

We studied phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins in patients with normo- and hypertriglyceridemia treated with various hypolipidemic preparations (simvastatin and fenofibrate). Both preparations changed phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins and improved their functional activity. The differences in the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins were probably related to lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase and, in particular, hepatic lipase.

Cerivastatin modulates antiatherogenic properties of high-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia.

The effects of cerivastatin on antiatherogenic properties of high-density lipoproteins were studied in patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Apart from hypolipidemic effects, cerivastatin changed the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins and improved their cholesterol-acceptor properties. This effect was most pronounced in the serum from patients with low content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Antiatherosclerotic and antiatherogenic effects of a calcium antagonist plus statin combination: amlodipine and lovastatin.

Recently, the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS) demonstrated the synergistic, antiatherogenic effect of lipid-lowering therapy with pravastatin in combination with calcium antagonists. This combination retarded the progression of stenosis and reduced the number of new lesions more effectively than did statin therapy alone. In the present study, our objective was to elucidate the mechanism of this more pronounced effect of the statin-calcium antagonist combination on the atherosclerotic lesion.

Clinical trial of wax-matrix sustained-release niacin in a Russian population with hypercholesterolemia.

Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of wax-matrix, controlled-release nicotinic acid (CNA) in persons with hypercholesterolemia.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial.

Setting: Ambulatory clinic at an academic cardiology center in Moscow, Russia.

[The hypolipidemic effect of and tolerance for Lescol in treating hypercholesterolemia in hypertension patients (an analysis of the data from a multicenter study)].

Hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia are at high risk to develop coronary heart disease (CHD). Chemotherapeutic correction of hyperlipidemia seems most reliable modality to prevent CHD. Hypolipidemic effect and tolerance of leskol (fluvastatin) in dietotherapy-resistant hypercholesterolemia were studied in 74 patients with essential hypertension treated with hypotensive drugs.

The GTP-binding regulatory proteins, Gs and G(i), are altered in erythrocyte membranes of patients with ischemic heart disease resulting from coronary atherosclerosis.

Acute ischemic heart disease is associated with alterations in the cardiac adenylate cyclase system response, although the specificity and mechanism of these events are unknown. We studied the characteristics of inhibitory (G(i)) and stimulatory (Gs) GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) of adenylate cyclase in erythrocyte membranes of patients (n = 16) with nonacute ischemic heart disease resulting from coronary atherosclerosis. Gs was measured by reconstitution with the resolved catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and by cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a 42-kD protein; G(i) was tested as a 41-kD substrate of pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation.

[The use of Enduracin--a prolonged-action form of nicotinic acid--in correcting atherogenic dyslipidemias].

The hypolipidemic effects of induracin, a new long-acting nicotinic acid dosage form based on the waxy matrix, and its tolerance were studied in 31 patients with Types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemias in a 6-month blind crossover study. There were decreases in the levels of total cholesterol by 9-13% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12-22%, an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12-15%, and a good dynamics in the ratio of blood lipid-transport proteins--a 12-16% increase to the levels of apoprotein AI to a 29% decrease in those of apoprotein B. The drug is well tolerated by patients and may be recommended for correction of atherogenic dyslipidemias.

[Esophageal diseases in patients with stenocardia and angiographically changes and little-changed coronary arteries].

Angiography conducted in 29 anginal patients has shown that coronary arteries were intact in 23 and little affected in 6 of them. Signs of myocardial ischemia were recorded at myocardial scintigraphy, bicycle ergometry, 24-h ECG monitoring in 17 patients. Esophageal lesions confirmed by endoscopy, manometry, esophageal pH-metry with Bernstein test were revealed in 20 examinees (68%).

[Intravenous isoproterenol administration for diagnosing ischemic heart disease in women: a comparison with the data from bicycle ergometry and selective coronary angiography].

The significance of the test with intravenous injection of isoproterenol in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) was evaluated in comparison with the clinical, bicycle ergometry and selective coronarography data obtained in 65 women. Twenty-four patients presented with stenosing coronary atherosclerosis and 41 patients had normal coronary arteries. On the use of the electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia the sensitivity of the isoproterenol test in the diagnosis of hemodynamically appreciable coronary atherosclerosis was 74%, the specificity 78%.

[The bicycle ergometry test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in women (a comparison with selective coronary angiographic data)].

The bicycle ergometric test and selective coronary angiography were performed in 105 women with 39 of them presenting stenosis of the coronary arteries. Judging by the electrocardiographic criteria, the test sensitivity was 68%, its specificity being 90%. Normalization of the ECG at the height of the submaximal exercise in the presence of the baseline changes in the ST-T interval may serve as an additional criterion of the absence of coronary artery stenosis.