The Effects of Fixed Versus Removable Orthodontic Retainers on Stability and Periodontal Health: 4-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Long-term or even indefinite retention is routinely prescribed after orthodontic treatment as a preventive safeguard against post-treatment changes induced by tooth movement, physiological healing, and the aging process. Though both fixed and removable versions of retainers may be equally effective in terms of results, sufficient research to support this assumption is missing at the moment.

Objectives: Long-term effects of fixed and removable retention on the periodontium, and the compliance level when used for an extended period of time.

Retrospective Evaluation of Incidental Findings of Temporomandibular Joint Region in CBCT Scans.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of incidental findings (IFs) in the temporomandibular joint region in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,850 randomly selected scans were examined for IFs in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. IFs of flattening of condyle, condylar hyperplasia, condylar hypoplasia, osteophyte, osteoarthritis, bifid condyle, subchondral pseudocyst, subchondral sclerosis, and soft tissue calcification were evaluated.