A life of research on everyday sleep(iness).

This is a personal review of a research life focused on sleep in everyday life. It finds that irregular work hours shorten sleep duration and increase sleepiness, both subjectively and objectively (polysomnography). Also, experimental lab studies demonstrate reduced sleep duration (and sleep stages N2 and REM) when sleep is moved into the daylight hours (and the circadian upswing).

Effects of one-night partial sleep deprivation on perivascular space volume fraction: Findings from the Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study.

Increased waste clearance in the brain is thought to occur most readily during late-stage sleep (stage N3). Sleep deprivation disrupts time spent in deeper sleep stages, fragmenting the clearance process. Here, we have utilized the publicly available Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study to investigate whether various sleep-related measures are associated with changes in perivascular space (PVS) volume fraction following a late-night short-sleep experiment.

Impact of sleep duration and sleep disturbances on the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A 10-year follow-up study.

The nature of the relationship between sleep problems and dementia remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between sleep measures and dementia in older adults (≥ 65) using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and further investigated the causal association in Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. In total of 7,223 individuals, 5.

Sleep in everyday life - relationship to mood and performance in young and older adults: a study protocol.

Laboratory based sleep deprivation studies demonstrate that lack of sleep impairs well-being and performance ability, but suggest that these effects are mitigated in older adults. Yet, much less is known whether day-to-day variations of sleep have similar consequences in the context of everyday life. This project uses an intensive longitudinal design to investigate the occurrence of day-to-day variations in sleep and their impact on mood and performance in everyday life and to examine whether effects differ between young and older adults.

The Polysomnographical Meaning of Changed Sleep Quality-A Study of Treatment with Reduced Time in Bed.

Background: Reports of poor sleep are widespread, but their link with objective sleep (polysomnography-PSG) is weak in cross-sectional studies. In contrast, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between changes in subjective and objective sleep variables using data from a study of the reduction in time in bed (TIB).

Methods: One sleep recording was carried out at baseline and one at treatment week 5 (end of treatment) (N = 34).

Interactive association between insomnia symptoms and sleep duration for the risk of dementia-a prospective study in the Swedish National March Cohort.

Objective: Given the importance of sleep in maintaining neurocognitive health, both sleep duration and quality might be component causes of dementia. However, the possible role of insomnia symptoms as risk factors for dementia remain uncertain.

Methods: We prospectively studied 22,078 participants in the Swedish National March Cohort who were free from dementia and stroke at baseline.

What do women mean by poor sleep? A large population-based sample with polysomnographical indicators, inflammation, fatigue, depression, and anxiety.

Survey studies indicate that reports of disturbed sleep are prevalent and may be prospectively linked to several major diseases. However, it is not clear what self-reported disturbed sleep represents, since the link with objective sleep measures (polysomnography; PSG) seems very weak. The purpose of the present study was to try to investigate what combination of variables (PSG, inflammation, fatigue, anxiety, depression) that would characterize those who complain of disturbed sleep.

Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and next day subjective sleepiness in a large group of women.

The relationship between sleep duration and sleepiness has seen much research, but no data are available on the association between polysomnographically (PSG) determined total sleep time (TST) (or other PSG variables) and subjective sleepiness during the subsequent day in individuals in their habitual life situation. The purpose of the present study was to study the association between TST and sleep efficiency (SE) (and other PSG variables) and next-day sleepiness at 7 times of the day. A large population-based group of women ( = 400) participated.

The association of short and long sleep with mortality in men and women.

Both short (< 6 hr) and long (> 8 hr) sleep are associated with increased mortality. We here investigated whether the association between sleep duration and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality differs between men and women. A cohort of 34,311 participants (mean age and standard deviation = 50.

Different sleep pattern in over-weight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Sleep duration and sleep quality have important health implications although our knowledge of objectively measured sleep variables in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is limited.

Objective: To compare sleep variables assessed by actigraphy in over-weight/obese women with PCOS and controls, and to assess sleep variables after behavioral modification intervention in comparison with minimal intervention in a randomized trial.

Design: Randomized controlled trial, and a control group.

A comparison of sleep restriction and sleep compression on objective measures of sleep: A sub-sample from a large randomised controlled trial.

Sleep restriction therapy is a central component of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, but can lead to excessive sleepiness, which may impede treatment adherence. Sleep compression therapy has been suggested as a possibly gentler alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sleep restriction therapy and sleep compression therapy on objective measures of sleep, with a focus on magnitude and timing of effects.

Insufficient sleep during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from a Swedish case-control study.

Background: Shift work, which often results in sleep deprivation and circadian desynchrony, has been associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed at studying the impact of sleep duration, circadian disruption and sleep quality on MS risk.

Methods: We used a Swedish population-based case-control study (2075 cases, 3164 controls).

Disturbed sleep and its attribution to stress and other causes: A population-based survey.

This study explores the prevalence of attributed causes of disturbed sleep and the association between stress-disturbed sleep and age, sex, and sleep duration on weekdays as well as weekends in a representative sample. A nationally representative sample (n = 1,128, response rate 72.8%), stratified for sex and age, completed a computer-assisted phone survey that included questions about sleep disturbances and attributed causes.

Sleep Mediates the Association Between Stress at Work and Incident Dementia: Study From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.

Background: Both psychosocial stress at work and sleep disturbance may predispose impaired cognitive function and dementia in later life. However, whether sleep plays a mediating role for the link between stress at work and subsequent dementia has yet to be investigated.

Methods: Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used for the study.

Shiftworkers' attitude to their work hours, positive or negative, and why?

Objective: Shift work is associated with impaired health and safety but there is a lack of systematic knowledge of shift workers attitude to their shift systems. This may be important for the ability to retain valuable personnel in the company/organization, and to attract new employees. The purpose of the present study was to investigate: the prevalence of shift characteristics (nights, long shifts, short rest, etc.

Sleep problems in rheumatoid arthritis over 12 years from diagnosis: results from the Swedish EIRA study.

Objective: Most studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and sleep have focused on established RA. We here investigate sleep quality and sleep duration in patients with newly diagnosed RA and during 1-12 years after diagnosis.

Methods: Data were collected on sleep 1-12 years after diagnosis from patients diagnosed 1998-2018 in the Swedish study Epidemiological Investigation of RA.

Sleep duration and mortality, influence of age, retirement, and occupational group.

Previous work has shown that both long and short sleep duration is associated with increased mortality, with lowest risk around 7 hr. This has had widespread impact on views on the optimal sleep duration. However, age, being employed/retired, and blue-/white-collar status, may influence the time available for sleep and thus, confound the association.

Insomnia in Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder.

Background: Insomnia is common in Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), but precise prevalence estimates are lacking.

Objective: In this Swedish register-based cohort study, we estimated the prevalence of insomnia in TS/CTD and quantified the magnitude of this association, accounting for familial confounders and relevant somatic and psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: Of 10,444,702 individuals living in Sweden during the period from 1997 to 2013, 5877 had a diagnosis of TS/CTD and were compared to unexposed individuals from the general population on the presence of insomnia using logistic regression models.

Self-reported reasons for on-duty sleepiness among commercial airline pilots.

Experimental and epidemiological research has shown that human sleepiness is determined especially by the circadian and homeostatic processes. The present field study examined which work-related factors airline pilots perceive as causing on-duty sleepiness during short-haul and long-haul flights. In addition, the association between the perceived reasons for sleepiness and actual sleepiness levels was examined, as well as the association between reporting inadequate sleep causing sleepiness and actual sleep-wake history.

Acute and cumulative effects of scheduling on aircrew fatigue in ultra-short-haul operations.

Aircrew fatigue constitutes a safety hazard in aviation, which authorities attempt to mitigate through flight time limitations. Some gaps in knowledge exist, however. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations of schedule characteristics with fatigue and amount of sleep in the acute 24-h window, and as cumulative effects across the 7-day work period.

Sleep duration and mortality - Influence of age and occupational group in retired individuals.

The importance of sleep duration for health or mortality attracts much public attention. Prior work indicates that both long and short sleep duration predicts mortality, with optimal sleep duration (lowest risk) at 7 h. However, we believe this may differ between subgroups.

Effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on risk for RA: results from a Swedish prospective cohort study.

Objective: Several, but not all studies, have shown a dose-dependent inverse association with alcohol consumption and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas smoking is an established risk factor for RA. We aimed to study the association between alcohol consumption and RA incidence and investigate a potential interaction between alcohol and smoking habits, regarding RA incidence.

Methods: We used a prospective cohort study, based on 41 068 participants with detailed assessment of alcohol intake, smoking and potential confounders at baseline in 1997.