The Use of the Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet Versus Combat Gauze in a Porcine Hemicorporectomy Model.

Background: Junctional hemorrhage is a potentially preventable cause of death. The Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT) compresses major vascular structures and arrests blood flow in exsanguinating hemorrhage. In a human model, the AAJT was effective in stopping blood flow in the femoral arteries via compression of the distal aorta.

Coordinated tissue-specific regulation of adjacent alternative 3' splice sites in C. elegans.

Adjacent alternative 3' splice sites, those separated by ≤18 nucleotides, provide a unique problem in the study of alternative splicing regulation; there is overlap of the cis-elements that define the adjacent sites. Identification of the intron's 3' end depends upon sequence elements that define the branchpoint, polypyrimidine tract, and terminal AG dinucleotide. Starting with RNA-seq data from germline-enriched and somatic cell-enriched Caenorhabditis elegans samples, we identify hundreds of introns with adjacent alternative 3' splice sites.

Evaluation of NuStatr, a Novel Nonimpregnated Hemostatic Dressing, Compared With Combat Gauze in Severe Traumatic Porcine Hemorrhage Model.

Background: Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains one of the most challenging problems facing emergency medical professionals and a leading cause of traumatic death in both battlefield and civilian environments. Survival is determined by the ability to rapidly control hemorrhage. Several commercially available topical adjunct agents have been shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage, and one, Combat Gauze (CG), is used regularly on the battlefield and for civilian applications.

Replicating MISTERS: an epidemiological criminology framework analysis of a program for criminal justice-involved minority males in the community.

The Men in STD Training and Empowerment Research Study (MISTERS) program and epidemiological criminology began their development in Atlanta at about the same time. MISTERS focuses on men recently released from jail to reduce both HIV/STD and crime-related risk factors through a brief educational intervention. This article examines ways in which MISTERS and epidemiological criminology have been used to inform one another in the replication of the MISTERS program in Orange County, Florida.

Food safety informatics: a public health imperative.

To date, little has been written about the implementation of utilizing food safety informatics as a technological tool to protect consumers, in real-time, against foodborne illnesses. Food safety outbreaks have become a major public health problem, causing an estimated 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths in the U.S.

Monitoring microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass with the EDAC quantifier.

Gaseous emboli may be introduced into the bypass circuit both from the surgical field and during perfusionist interventions. While circuits provide good protection against massive air embolism, they do not remove gaseous microemboli (GME) from the bypass circuit. The purpose of this preliminary study is to assess the incidence of GME during bypass surgery and determine if increased GME counts were associated with specific events during bypass surgery.

Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa (ENV): a complication of congestive heart failure and obesity.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) and obesity are common medical conditions that have many complications and an increasing incidence in the United States. Presented here is a case of a disfiguring skin condition that visually highlights the dermatologic consequences of poorly controlled CHF and obesity. This condition will probably become more common as CHF and obesity increase in the US.

Epidemiological criminology: drug use among African American gang members.

Epidemiological methods and public health theories can be tied to theories of crime and delinquency and used to create evidence-based policy. Interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to existing, and emerging, public health and criminal justice problems hold great promise. Differential association theory postulates that close association with delinquent peers leads to an increase in deviant activities such as illicit drug use.

"Epidemiological criminology": coming full circle.

Members of the public health and criminal justice disciplines often work with marginalized populations: people at high risk of drug use, health problems, incarceration, and other difficulties. As these fields increasingly overlap, distinctions between them are blurred, as numerous research reports and funding trends document. However, explicit theoretical and methodological linkages between the 2 disciplines remain rare.

A model of HIV disclosure: disclosure and types of social relationships.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess perceptions of HIV positive (+) persons regarding disclosure of their serostatus to others with the goal of developing a model of HIV disclosure that could be used by healthcare providers (HCPs) in HIV prevention.

Data Sources: Data were collected through 13 focus groups from 104 HIV+ participants. The groups were formed based on three HIV risk exposure categories--men who have sex with men, high-risk heterosexuals, and substance users.

Particulate matter and carbon monoxide multiple regression models using environmental characteristics in a high diesel-use area of Baguio City, Philippines.

In Baguio City, Philippines, a mountainous city of 252,386 people where 61% of motor vehicles use diesel fuel, ambient particulate matter <2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) and <10 microm (PM(10)) in aerodynamic diameter and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured at 30 street-level locations for 15 min apiece during the early morning (4:50-6:30 am), morning rush hour (6:30-9:10 am) and afternoon rush hour (3:40-5:40 pm) in December 2004.

Validating the utility of the Spanish version of the American Diabetes Association Risk Test.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Risk Test, often used for decisions to blood glucose screen or not, lacks studies reporting the reliability or validity for the Spanish version of the tool. The objective of this study is to further validate the utility of the Spanish version of the ADA's Risk Test for Latino Populations. A convenience sample of 316 Latinos participated in this study.

Effect of postinjury intravenous or intrathecal methylprednisolone on spinal cord excitatory amino-acid release, nitric oxide generation, PGE2 synthesis, and myeloperoxidase content in a pig model of acute spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, in vivo acute spinal cord injury in pigs.

Setting: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Objectives: To determine whether postinjury methylprednisolone could reduce the generation of known mediators of secondary neurological injury.

Social service needs and case management implications for individuals accessing a faith-based suburban homeless shelter.

The purpose of this study was to identify social service needs and case management implications for homeless and marginally housed individuals accessing services at a suburban faith-based agency. The overall goal for the study was to provide data from the perspectives and experiences of clients that could be used to develop and/or revise services to more fully facilitate clients' movement toward self-sufficiency. The study used an exploratory qualitative design.

Potential health risks from exposure to indoor formaldehyde.

An indoor air quality survey was conducted in Southern Louisiana to determine levels of airborne formaldehyde. Gas chromatography analyses of 419 air samples collected from 53 houses revealed levels of formaldehyde ranging from non-detectable to 6.60 mg/m3.

Potential health risks from indoor exposure to chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl] phosphorothioate).

A four-season, indoor air quality survey was conducted in Southern Louisiana to determine the indoor air levels of the pesticide chlorpyrifos. Gas chromatographic analysis of 213 air samples collected from 53 houses revealed levels of chlorpyrifos ranging from non-detected to 2.13 micrograms/m3.

Health risks from exposure to metals in household dusts.

The levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) were determined in a total of 315 indoor and outdoor dust samples collected from 53 households in Louisiana. Inductively coupled plasma analysis revealed that in many samples, the metal content exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Risk-Based Concentration (RBC) guidelines. For example, the number of dust samples above the EPA-RBC included 64 for Cd, 52 for Hg, 43 for As, 4 for Fe, 4 for Cu, 3 for Cr, and 2 for Ni.

Hyperbaric hyperoxia exaggerates respiratory membrane defects in the copper-deficient rat lung.

Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the effect of dietary copper deficiency and hyperbaric hyperoxia, alone and in combination, on lung structure. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a copper-deficient (CuD, 0.2 microgram/g) or copper-adequate diet (CuA, 5.

The physiology teacher, a facilitator of learning at all levels.

Academic physiologists in universities have three jobs: teaching, research, and service. They also operate at many levels of education: undergraduate, graduate, and medical. Each level carries special problems and special rewards.

Low magnetic field effects on embryonic bone growth.

Pulsed electromagnetic fields [EMF] and electric fields have been demonstrated to promote osteogenesis and wound healing. Pulsed EMF's have been approved since 1979 by the FDA, and are highly effective in the treatment of non-union fractures. Increased linear growth, cellular proliferation, cAMP and uptake of tritiated thymidine have been documented on short term exposure.

Commonalities between gas anesthetics (nitrous oxide, nitrogen and/or argon) and ethanol intoxication in hot and cold selection line mice.

Argon, nitrogen, nitrous oxide were administered hyperbarically in doses (atmosphere) that caused loss of righting reflex (LORR). Nitrous oxide requires pressure somewhat less than two atmospheres, eighteen atmospheres were required for argon and thirty-six atmospheres roughly for nitrogen all in 0.5 atmospheres oxygen.