Comparison of Sport Type on the Handgrip Strength Change in Young Athletes.

Objective: Whether or not an athlete plays with sports equipment in their hands may influence handgrip strength (HGS) changes during development, but longitudinal studies have not confirmed this. This study compared one-year HGS changes between two sports types (soccer vs. kendo) in children and adolescent athletes.

Sex Differences in Strength During Development: Implications for Inclusivity and Fairness in Sport.

Objectives: Males, on average, are bigger and stronger than females. Hormonal differences during puberty are one reason given for this performance advantage. However, not all evidence supports that thesis.

Tracking handgrip strength in Kendo athletes from university to middle and older adulthood.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the current handgrip strength (HGS) of Kendo athletes with their HGS when they were in university (up to 50 years).

Methods: Eighty male graduates who were Kendo club members during their university days performed anthropometric and HGS measurements, and these HGS were compared with those measured during their university days (mean age of 19.5 years old).

Handgrip strength of young athletes differs based on the type of sport played and age.

Objective: Handgrip strength may differ depending on the type of sport played during the developmental period. Youth sports in which athletes hold equipment in their hands may be the most effective for improving handgrip strength. This study aimed to examine the age at which differences in handgrip strength appear by comparing sports that involve gripping (kendo) with those that do not involve gripping (soccer) in young athletes.

One-Year Handgrip Strength Change in Kindergarteners Depends upon Physical Activity Status.

Free play in kindergarten can be roughly divided into fine and gross motor activities, but the effects of these activities on improving handgrip strength are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to compare one-year changes in handgrip strength and forearm flexor muscle size in children separated by preferred play in a kindergarten. One hundred and eleven children were recruited from a local kindergarten.

Longitudinal changes of grip strength and forearm muscle thickness in young children.

Background: Grip strength is a marker of future health conditions and is mainly generated by the extrinsic flexor muscles of the fingers. Therefore, whether or not there is a relationship between grip strength and forearm muscle size is vital in considering strategies for grip strength development during growth. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between changes in grip strength and forearm muscle thickness in young children.

Association of changes in grip strength with second digit length adjusted for fourth digit length in young children.

Objectives: The factors involved in changes in grip strength (GS) during growth/development are not well known. Findings from cross-sectional studies have indicated that digit lengths are associated with physical fitness, including GS. This study aimed to investigate the association of changes in GS over 1 year and the second (2D) and fourth (4D) digit lengths in young children using the 4D as a covariate.

Comparison of handgrip strength values in young children when using two different types of dynamometers.

Objective: A Smedley hand dynamometer is one of the standard devices for measuring handgrip strength (HGS) for children and adults. The aim was to compare the HGS values using two different types of dynamometers (Grip-A or Grip-D) in young children. To enable comparison between the two devices, we have redesigned the Grip-D (i.

[Creating a "Health Promotion Checklist for Residents" Attempt to promote healthy activities].

Objective: To create a "Health Promotion Checklist for Residents" to help promote healthy habits among local residents.

Methods: First, we investigated items for a health promotion checklist in the Health Japan 21 (2(nd) edition) and other references. Next, we conducted a questionnaire survey including these checklist items in August 2012.

Identification of acyl-CoA thioesterase in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes.

Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and CoA, with the potential to regulate the intracellular levels of these molecules. In this study, we show that a cytosolic isoform, ACOT7, is expressed at a significant level in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of mice. While crude preparations of the mesenteric visceral fat contained significant levels of palmitoyl-CoA thioesterase activity, enzyme activity was concentrated 6.

Comparative analysis of steroid sensitivity of T helper cells in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Glucocorticoid (GC) action on asthma has been partly explained by the inhibition of T cell activation. We analyzed the steroid sensitivity of ovalbumin (OVA) reactive helper T (Th) cell clones both in vitro and in vivo.

Method: For in vitro experiments, Th clones were cultured with antigen-presenting cells, OVA, and various concentrations of dexamethasone (DEX).

Eosinophils are required for the induction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a Th transfer model of BALB/c background.

Background: Helper T (Th) cells are deeply involved in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, such as eosinophilic inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), airflow limitation and remodeling. It is still unclear whether Th cells contribute to BHR independently of eosinophilic inflammation. The double GATA (dblGATA) site is a high-affinity GATA-binding site in the GATA-1 promoter.

Functional and structural bases of a cysteine-less mutant as a long-lasting substitute for galectin-1.

Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the beta-galactoside-binding animal lectin family, has a wide range of biological activities, which makes it an attractive target for medical applications. Unlike other galectins, Gal-1 is susceptible to oxidation at cysteine residues, which is troublesome for in vitro/vivo studies. To overcome this problem, we prepared a cysteine-less mutant of Gal-1 (CSGal-1) by substituting all cysteine residues with serine residues.

Complexes of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 and pullulan model oligossacharides provide new insight into the mechanism for recognizing substrates with alpha-(1,6) glycosidic linkages.

Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 (TVAI) has unique hydrolyzing activities for pullulan with sequence repeats of alpha-(1,4), alpha-(1,4), and alpha-(1,6) glycosidic linkages, as well as for starch. TVAI mainly hydrolyzes alpha-(1,4) glycosidic linkages to produce a panose, but it also hydrolyzes alpha-(1,6) glycosidic linkages with a lesser efficiency. X-ray structures of three complexes comprising an inactive mutant TVAI (D356N or D356N/E396Q) and a pullulan model oligosaccharide (P2; [Glc-alpha-(1,6)-Glc-alpha-(1,4)-Glc-alpha-(1,4)]2 or P5; [Glc-alpha-(1,6)-Glc-alpha-(1,4)-Glc-alpha-(1,4)]5) were determined.

Complex structures of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 with malto-oligosaccharides demonstrate the role of domain N acting as a starch-binding domain.

The X-ray structures of complexes of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 (TVAI) with an inhibitor acarbose and an inactive mutant TVAI with malto-hexaose and malto-tridecaose have been determined at 2.6, 2.0 and 1.

Crystal structures and structural comparison of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 (TVAI) at 1.6 A resolution and alpha-amylase 2 (TVAII) at 2.3 A resolution.

The X-ray crystal structures of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 (TVAI) and alpha-amylase 2 (TVAII) have been determined at 1.6 A and 2.3 A resolution, respectively.

In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of a structurally novel Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor, T-162559.

1. We investigated the inhibitory effects of a non-acylguanidine Na(+)-H(+) exchange (NHE) inhibitor, T-162559 ((5E,7S)-[7-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5(6H)-quinolinylideneamino] guanidine dimethanesulphonate), on NHE-1, and its cardioprotective effect against ischaemia and reperfusion injury in rats and rabbits. 2.