Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Turkey.

Background/purpose: Cost-effectiveness studies about rotavirus (RV) vaccination programs were performed in many countries due to the severe economic burden of RV infections. This study is an economic evaluation performed to assess the potential for introducing the RV vaccine to the Turkish National Immunization Program.

Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, the records and laboratory findings of a total of 4126 patients admitted to Turgut Ozal University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed.

Probiotics and infantile atopic eczema.

Pediatric eczema is a common disease which causes economic and social burden. Its incidence differs among the societies, with an incidence reported to reach up to 20% in developed countries. Eczema is the first allergic disease seen in the childhood, and it is recognized as a precursor for the development of atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy in the forthcoming years of children.

The Addition of Inhaled Budesonide to Standard Therapy Shortens the Length of Stay in Hospital for Asthmatic Preschool Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Asthma exacerbations lead to frequent emergency visits and hospitalizations, and are associated with high morbidity and occasionally mortality. New therapeutic strategies are needed. We sought to investigate whether the addition of high-dose inhaled budesonide to standard therapy would shorten the length of stay (LOS) in hospital of children admitted for asthma exacerbations.

Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis: a case-control study from a tertiary care center in Turkey.

Unlabelled: Vitamin D has been linked with immunity, and the immunomodulatory role of this molecule in regulating key elements of the immune system has become an area of intense scientific investigation. We designed a case-control study to investigate whether neonates with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) had lower levels of vitamin D. The primary exposure for the analysis in the study was the cord-blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).

A Rare Cause of Chronic Headache that May Be Misdiagnosed as Migraine: Chronic Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Differential diagnosis of primary headache disorders can be challenging for physicians. Although the association of headache with acute carbon monoxide intoxication is very well-defined, in refractory nonspecific headaches associated with chronic low dose exposure to carbon monoxide, CO intoxication is usually overlooked, mostly due to vague symptoms. Herein we present a 15-year-old female patient with chronic carbon monoxide poisoning who was undergoing two years of follow-up care for migraines.

Neonatal inflammatory submandibular sialadenitis associated with prenatal methyldopa exposure.

Inflammation of a salivary gland is an uncommon condition in the neonatal period, and an isolated form of submandibular acute inflammatory sialadenitis is an exceptionally rare phenomenon. Among various conditions that might lead to submandibular acute inflammatory sialadenitis, maternal use of drugs during pregnancy should be questioned as there may be possible associations. Herein, we describe a late preterm infant who presented with a large submandibular mass.

Esophageal dislodgement of an endotracheal tube during nasopharyngeal oxygenation in a neonate with Pierre-Robin sequence: a case report.

Conventional intubation for pulmonary management in children with a difficult airway may be very challenging even in skilled hands. Rapid advancements in respiratory care have reduced the incidence of difficult tracheal intubation and the incidence of complications have decreased accordingly. However, serious unexpected complications still occur in some patients today.

An abrupt increment in the respiratory rate is a sign of neonatal pneumothorax.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the early clinical signs of neonatal pneumothorax.

Methods: A case-control study at a level III referral center from 2006 to 2012 was conducted. For each neonate with pneumothorax (Group I), one control subject (Group II) was identified by selecting an infant born within the same week with a gestational age of ± 7 days and with a birth weight within 10% of the index case.

A neglected cause for chronic spontaneous urticaria in children: Helicobacter pylori.

Background: The aetiology of chronic urticaria is usually considered idiopathic. There is a paucity of research both on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the aetiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CU) in children and also on which patients H. pylori should be investigated.

Level of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in childhood asthma.

Background: The role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in childhood asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to measure the serum levels of NGAL in children with asthma and to investigate the correlation between NGAL and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a good indicator of airway remodeling in children with asthma.

Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 children.

A descriptive study of transient neonatal feeding intolerance in a tertiary care center in Turkey.

Objective: To investigate the characteristic features of transient neonatal feeding intolerance (TNFI) during the hospitalization for birth in the maternity ward.

Design: A prospective follow-up study.

Setting: Maternity ward and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in an academic medical center.

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion refractory to treatment in a newborn with alobar holoprosencephaly.

Alobar holoprosencephaly (AHP) is a serious malformation of the central nervous system characterized by complete failure of cleavage of the prosencephalon resulting in fusion of the cerebral hemispheres and a massive single ventricular midline fluid collection. Secretion of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) is a disorder of fluid-electrolyte balance caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) resulting in the development of hyponatremia. Coexistence of both of these entities has not been described in the literature.

Multiloculated hydrocephalus of intrauterine-onset: a case report of an unexpected MTHFR A1298C positive test result.

Loculated hydrocephalus is a condition in which discrete fluid-filled compartments form in association with the ventricular system of the brain. Multiloculated hydrocephalus is a subgroup of this entity involving more than one segment of the ventricular system. Abnormal descent of the cerebellar components can cause multiloculated hydrocephalus due to various pathogenesis.

Social prejudice hindering proper use of car safety seats.

The compliance of parents with child passenger safety (CPS) has been mainly explained by their level of knowledge. Social, ethnic and cultural factors have not been investigated in detail. This study investigated the rate of compliance of parents with CPS guidelines, as well as the factors hindering it.

The utility of special radiological signs on routinely obtained supine anteroposterior chest radiographs for the early recognition of neonatal pneumothorax.

Background: Bedside chest radiographs used for the confirmation of diagnosis of pneumothorax in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are routinely obtained in the supine position. However, pneumothoraces may not appear in the classically described forms on these radiographs, resulting in a delayed diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the utility of special radiological signs in the neonatal population for the early recognition of pneumothorax.

The role of mean platelet volume as an inflammatory marker in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Background: Previous studies have shown that platelets are involved in the inflammatory process. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been frequently used as an inflammatory marker in various diseases associated with inflammation. The role of MPV in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CU), however, has not yet been evaluated.

Elevated level of serum osteopontin in school-age children with asthma.

Background: The role of osteopontin (OPN) has not been elucidated in childhood asthma.

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate whether OPN levels change due to allergic inflammation in pre-school and school-age children.

Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 42 healthy children and a total of 51 children with asthma were recruited.

Do not overlook an umbilical cord hernia before clamping.

An umbilical cord hernia is a rare midline abdominal defect. These masses may be easily overlooked at birth, which may result in an intestinal injury due to careless proximal application of the cord clamp. Herein, we present a newborn infant with an umbilical cord hernia who was managed by primary closure of the lesion.