Myopia Support Device (Titanium Macular Buckle) for Posterior Pole Retinal Detachment With or Without Myopic Maculoschisis.

To describe 4 cases of posterior pole retinal detachment (RD) in patients with pathologic myopia that were repaired with a prototype myopia support device. A case series was evaluated. Four cases of posterior pole RD were treated, 3 of which were accompanied by myopic maculoschisis and 1 that was accompanied by a choroidal neovascular membrane and a macular hole (MH).

Retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone is a structural biomarker for visual outcome after successful macular hole surgery: A novel grading system-based study.

Purpose: To develop a novel external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) restoration-based grading system after successful macular hole surgery (MHS) and to evaluate EZ as a structural biomarker for the final visual outcome.

Methods: In a tertiary care center-based retrospective study, 34 consecutive cases of successful MHS for full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) were included. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) cross-sectional analysis was performed on preoperative and postoperative data of weeks 1, 4, 12, and 24, respectively.

Off-label use of intravitreal bevacizumab: A global conundrum.

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal, humanized, full-length antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF-A), known for its anti-angiogenic properties. The off-label use of bevacizumab has stirred legal, financial, industrial, and ethical complexities. With its potential to treat diverse ocular conditions, this commentary delves into the multifaceted dimensions of bevacizumab's off-label utilization, encompassing clinical trials, regulatory frameworks, safety considerations, comparative effectiveness, and economic implications.

Management of Myopic Maculopathy: A Review.

Myopia, including pathologic myopia, has seen a significant increase in prevalence in recent years. It is a significant cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide and prediction models demonstrate the substantial future impact on the population. With increased awareness and research, it is possible to prevent blindness on a large scale in the younger, productive age group affected by myopic maculopathy (MM).

Anti-Vegf therapy leads to an improvement in grade of retinal pigment epithelium alterations on single layer retinal pigment epithelium map in diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: In bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a positive linear association with proliferation of RPE. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) based improvement in grades of topographic retinal pigment epithelium alterations (RPE-A), were evaluated after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, in diabetic macular edema (DME), for the first time.

Methods: A tertiary care center-based, prospective study.

A TITANIUM MACULAR BUCKLE IMPLANT DESIGNED FOR AN EASY PLACEMENT IN MYOPIC MACULAR HOLES.

Purpose: A new easy-to-place titanium macular buckle implant and the surgical technique for placing it in myopic macular holes are presented. A 60-year-old patient with pathologic myopia presented with macular holes in both eyes. The hole in the right eye was recurrent and long-standing since the initial diagnosis, which was over 5 years ago.

Serum cortisol is a biomolecular biomarker for severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Cortisol and prolactin are multifunctional hormones essential for various metabolic processes in the human body. This study evaluated for the first time the association between serum cortisol and prolactin levels and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and their role as biomolecular biomarkers for disease progression.

Methods: A tertiary care center-based cross-sectional study was conducted.

External limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone structural integrity in diabetic macular edema.

The external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) can be observed exquisitely by SD-OCT. In diabetic macular edema (DME), dysfunction of mitochondria, represented by the EZ in the foveal photoreceptors results in reduced visual acuity (VA). An increase in VEGF was found to correlate with increased severity of DR, increased central subfield thickness (CST), and sequential disruption of ELM and EZ.

External limiting membrane: retinal structural barrier in diabetic macular edema.

Advances in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technology have enhanced the understanding of external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in diabetic macular edema. An increase in VEGF has been demonstrated to be associated with sequential ELM and EZ disruption on SD-OCT. An intact ELM is a prerequisite for an intact EZ in DME.

Sequential restoration of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic macular oedema.

Background/objectives: To study the mechanism of restoration of retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ), after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) therapy, in diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Subjects/methods: Forty-four consecutive patients aged 40-65 years having type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with DMO were prospectively recruited for IVB therapy. It comprised of three doses (1.

Resistive index of central retinal artery is a bioimaging biomarker for severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Background: The present study was undertaken to assess the resistive index (RI) of central retinal artery (CRA) as a bioimaging biomarker for the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), for the first time.

Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 70 years were included in a tertiary care center-based cross sectional study. Severity of retinopathy was assessed according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification: diabetes mellitus with no retinopathy (No DR) (n = 26); non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (n = 29); and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 26).

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor is a biomolecular biomarker of severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Serum VEGF levels correlate with vitreous levels. Neuroretinal changes occur even before the appearance of vascular signs in DR.

Risk of Endophthalmitis in Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Combined with Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Insertion.

Purpose: To identify the incidence of endophthalmitis and visual outcomes in eyes with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil insertion (KPro + PPV + SOI) as compared to eyes receiving Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) alone.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective chart review of 29 eyes of 27 patients with KPro having at least 12-month follow-up. Thirteen of these eyes had hypotony and/or retinal detachment in addition to corneal pathology and thus received KPro + PPV + SOI.

Central subfield thickness and cube average thickness as bioimaging biomarkers for ellipsoid zone disruption in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: To evaluate the association of central subfield thickness (CST) and cube average thickness (CAT) with ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Cross sectional study including consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus [without DR (No DR, n = 97); non-proliferative DR (NPDR, n = 91); proliferative DR (PDR, n = 83)] and healthy controls (n = 82) was undertaken. CST and CAT values were measured using SD-OCT.

Multicenter study of pars plana vitrectomy for optic disc pit maculopathy: MACPIT study.

PurposeTo evaluate surgical intervention with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for correction of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M).Patients and methodsRetrospective chart review from 13 centres of 51 eyes of 50 patients with ODP-M who underwent PPV between 2002-2014. Anatomic and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes were evaluated for all cases with different adjuvant techniques.

INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE ARE SURROGATE MARKERS FOR DISRUPTION OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AND INNER SEGMENT ELLIPSOID ZONE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of serum urea and creatinine as surrogate markers for disruption of retinal photoreceptor external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner segment ellipsoid zone (EZ) in Type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, for the first time.

Methods: One hundred and seventeen consecutive cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes without retinopathy [No DR; n = 39], nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR; n = 39], proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR; n = 39]) and 40 healthy control subjects were included. Serum levels of urea and creatinine were assessed using standard protocol.

Increased serum level of homocysteine correlates with retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To study the correlation between serum levels of vitamin B, folic acid, and homocysteine and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and the correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: In a tertiary care center-based prospective cross-sectional study, 60 consecutive cases and 20 healthy controls in the age group of 40-65 years were included. The eyes of the cases were divided into three groups according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification: diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (n = 20), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema (n = 20), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema (n = 20).

Correlation of biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, nitric oxide and central subfield and cube average thickness in diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: To evaluate the role of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) as biochemical biomarkers and central subfield (CST) and cube average thickness (CAT) as biomarkers for medical imaging in diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Forty consecutive cases of diabetic retinopathy and 20 healthy controls were included. Cases were divided into two groups: non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20) according to ETDRS classification.

In vivo early retinal structural alterations following laser photocoagulation using three-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

To study the retinal structural alterations and surface topography of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) immediately following laser photocoagulation up to day 7. Cross-sectional retinal imaging and RPE segmentation maps on spectral domain optical coherence tomography were obtained immediately at hour 1, day 1, day 4 and day 7 following 532 nm neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation in a 56-year-old male patient for branch retinal vein occlusion. Immediately postlaser, loss of reflectivity of all the retinal layers was observed.

Lamellar macular hole after intravitreal ocriplasmin injection.

Intravitreal ocriplasmin was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration to achieve medical vitreolysis in the setting of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). We report a case of a 76-year-old woman who developed a lamellar macular hole following treatment with intravitreal ocriplasmin injection for VMA. A pathophysiological mechanism to explain this previously unreported complication of ocriplasmin injection is proposed.

Three-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography in vitreomacular traction.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a non-invasive tool providing unprecedented imaging and analysis of vitreomacular interface. Two cases of vitreomacular traction were analysed by advanced three-dimensional (3D) SD-OCT imaging. En-face OCT permitted localisation of the exact point of attachment of vitreous to retina.

Occult wooden posterior segment intraocular foreign body.

Background And Objective: To evaluate B-scan and computed tomographic appearance of a wooden intraocular foreign body within the posterior segment.

Materials And Methods: The authors report a case of a patient with an occult retained foreign body. To identify why the object was elusive, an in vitro study was conducted using computed tomography (CT) and B-scan on five human cadaveric eyes with known foreign bodies implanted into the vitreous cavity.

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in central retinal artery occlusion.

A 53-year-old man presented with sudden painless diminution of vision in his right eye for 3 days. His fundus examination showed diffuse whitening of the retina with a cherry red spot at the fovea with cilioretinal artery sparing. On fluorescein angiography delayed arteriovenous transit was observed.

Acute central retinal vein occlusion following episode of myopericarditis in an adolescent patient.

A 15-year-old African-American boy presented with unilateral decrease in vision following an episode of myopericarditis. His ocular examination was significant for diffuse retinal oedema and intraretinal haemorrhages. He was diagnosed with a central retinal vein occlusion and was referred to rheumatology for further evaluation following negative hypercoaguable studies.