Human macrophages directly modulate iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes at healthy state and congenital arrhythmia model in vitro.

The electrophysiological regulation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) by the cardiac macrophages (MΦs) has been recently described as an unconventional role of MΦs in the murine heart. Investigating the molecular and physiological modulation of CM by MΦ is critical to understand the novel mechanisms behind cardiac disorders from the systems perspective and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Here, we developed an in vitro direct coculture system to investigate the cellular and functional interaction between human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and monocyte-derived MΦs both in healthy-state and congenital arrhythmia disease model associated with SCN5A ion channel mutations.

Functional evaluation of the tachycardia patient-derived iPSC cardiomyocytes carrying a novel pathogenic SCN5A variant.

Tachycardia is characterized by high beating rates that can lead to life-threatening fibrillations. Mutations in several ion-channel genes were implicated with tachycardia; however, the complex genetic contributors and their modes of action are still unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of an SCN5A gene variant on tachycardia phenotype by deriving patient-specific iPSCs and cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM).

Clinical Course and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Permanent Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia in Children.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical aspects, electrophysiological studies, and ablation results of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in children.

Methods: The study comprised 29 pediatric patients diagnosed with permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia between 2011 and 2021 in 2 pediatric electrophysiology centers. From the file records, the basic demographic characteristics of the patients, as well as electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, were acquired retrospectively.

Current Strategies for the Management of Anomalous Origin of Coronary Arteries from the Pulmonary Artery.

Introduction: The coronary arteries, which have to originate from the aorta, may sometimes rise from the pulmonary artery. This study evaluated clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment methods, and follow up of cases with anomalous coronary arteries arising from the pulmonary artery.

Patients And Methods: Eight patients with the diagnosis of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) (N = 6) and anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) (N = 2), between January 2014 and January 2020 from a single center university hospital, were included in the study.

Congenital cardiac interventions during the peak phase of COVID-19 pandemics in the country in a pandemics hospital in Istanbul.

Introduction: In this report, we aim to present our algorithm and results of patients with congenital cardiac disorders who underwent surgical or interventional procedures during the peak phase of the pandemics in our country.

Patients And Methods: The first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in Turkey on 11 March, 2020, and the peak phase seemed to end by the end of April. All the patients whom were referred, treated, or previously operated but still at the hospital during the peak phase of COVID-19 pandemics in the country were included into this retrospective study.

[Electrophysiological properties of asymptomatic children and adolescents with the Wolff-Parkinson-White electrocardiographic pattern].

Objective: Optimal management in asymptomatic children and adolescents with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) electrocardiographic pattern is still debatable. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the electrophysiological properties of asymptomatic children and adolescents with WPW.

Methods: The medical records and procedural data of asymptomatic children and adolescents with the WPW electrocardiographic pattern who underwent invasive electrophysiological study (EPS) and catheter ablation between April 2012 and April 2018 were evaluated.

Validation of a smartphone-based electrocardiography in the screening of QT intervals in children.

Objective: A 12-lead electrocardiography is a critical component for the screening of long QT syndrome; however, besides, an electrocardiograph, trained personnel are also necessary which limits the screening capability of conventional electrocardiographs. The development of smartphone electrocardiography technologies provides a potential alternative platform for electrocardiography screening for selective purposes such as arrhythmias and QT interval abnormalities. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the reliability of a smartphone-based electrocardiography device in the measurement of QT and corrected QT intervals in children.

Catheter ablation of left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia in children with limited fluoroscopy exposure.

Introduction: Catheter ablation of left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia in the pediatric population remains challenging, and most studies about this topic have been conducted on adult patients. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation features and outcomes of catheter ablations performed using limited fluoroscopy with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system guidance in a pediatric left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia patient group.

Methods: A total of 20 consecutive patients undergoing left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia ablation at a single tertiary centre were enrolled.

Electroanatomic mapping-guided catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia in children with limited/zero fluoroscopy.

Introduction: Atrial tachycardia (AT) is an uncommon cause of supraventricular tachycardia in children and it is often resistant to medical therapy. Catheter ablation can be curative in children with AT. However, experience of ablation of pediatric AT is still very limited.

Transseptal Puncture for Catheter Ablation in Children.

Transseptal puncture (TP) is used in pediatric patients to access the left atrium in left-sided arrhythmia catheter ablation. Performing this procedure can be difficult and risky, especially in small children. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of TPs in children ≤ 30 kg.

Catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia in children ≤ 20 kg using an electroanatomical system.

Purpose: Catheter ablation is the only choice of treatment in some small children with medically refractory supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Electroanatomical mapping systems (EMS) are more commonly utilized in electrophysiological procedures in recent years, which resulted in a significant decrease in fluoroscopy exposure. The potential benefit of EMS in small children has not been studied.

Electroanatomic Mapping-Guided Catheter Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Children with Ebstein's Anomaly.

In Ebstein's anomaly (EA), tachycardia substrates are complex, and accessory pathway (AP) ablations are often challenging. This study demonstrates the utility of the EnSite Velocity system (St. Jude Medical, St Paul, MN) in the catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia in children with EA.

Long-term outcomes following cryoablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in children.

Background: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common tachyarrhythmia substrate in children, which is successfully treated by catheter ablation using radiofrequency or cryothermal energy. In recent years, cryoablation (Cryo) using electroanatomical system guidance is more commonly preferred for use in children in order to decrease the risk of an atrioventricular block. However, there are concerns regarding the long-term efficacy of Cryo in treating AVNRT.

Comparison of 6-mm Versus 8-mm-Tip Cryoablation Catheter for the Treatment of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Children: A Prospective Study.

Due to its safety profile, cryoablation (Cryo) for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is more commonly preferred over radiofrequency (RF) ablation in children in recent years. Recent studies demonstrated high long-term success rates comparable to radiofrequency ablation. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety of an 8-mm-tip versus 6-mm-tip Cryo catheter in the treatment of AVNRT in children.

Successful ablation of coexistent Mahaim tachycardia and right posterior accessory pathway in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly.

The atriofascicular accessory pathway (AP), known as the Mahaim pathway, is a rare form of pre-excitation, comprising less than 3% of all APs. Mahaim AP is characterized by decremental, anterograde-only conduction, and antidromic tachycardia with left bundle branch morphology. Prevalence of Mahaim AP in Ebstein's anomaly is significantly high.

Cryoablation with an 8-mm-Tip Catheter for Right-Sided Accessory Pathways in Children.

Background: Cryoablation is increasingly utilized in children because of its safety profile. Recently, larger catheter tips have been more widely used to improve long-term success rates. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of 8-mm-tip catheters for cryoablation of right-sided accessory pathways (APs) in children.

Catheter ablation of idiopathic right ventricular arrhythmias in children with limited fluoroscopy.

Introduction: Definitive therapy of idiopathic right ventricular arrhythmias (VA) remains a challenge in interventional electrophysiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of EnSite Velocity system in the catheter ablation of RV tachycardia in children.

Methods: Thirty-five children with idiopathic right VA underwent catheter ablation procedure using the EnSite Velocity system guidance.

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Arrest Following Blunt Chest Trauma.

Unlabelled: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an electrophysiological disorder of a physically normal heart that occurs in children when the body is subjected to intense emotional or physical stress that causes adrenergic discharge. This troubling disease can be sporadic (spontaneous) or familial (genetic/inherited). Unfortunately, its associated ventricular tachycardia may cause sudden death, so early diagnosis of CPVT is very important.

Using a Cardiac Event Recorder in Children with Potentially Arrhythmia-Related Symptoms.

Background: In this study, we reported our experience with the use of cardiac event recorders in pediatric patients.

Methods: We evaluated 583 patients fitted with an event recorder (15-30 days) between March 2010 and November 2014 at our clinic. Excluded from the study were 117 patients with no recorded events and six with records contaminated by electrocardiogram artifacts.

Multifocal atrial tachycardia caused by risperidone.

Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, is one of the most frequently used atypical neuroleptic drugs for the treatment of symptoms of behavioral disorders seen in autism. Although various cardiovascular side effects have been reported with risperidone, to our knowledge, it has not yet been reported that it can also result in multifocal atrial tachycardia. Based on the case reported herein, our aim is to bring awareness that risperidone may cause multifocal atrial tachycardia.

The use of flecainide in critical neonates and infants with incessant supraventricular tachycardias.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of flecainide therapy in neonates and infants with drug resistant incessant supraventricular tachycardia.

Methods: The study included 11 neonates and infants who received medical and/or ablation therapy between January 2010 and December 2013. Mean patient age and weight were 101.

Cardiac Interventions in Pregnant Patients without Fluoroscopy.

Introduction: Cardiac interventions with fluoroscopy during pregnancy carry significant risks for the fetus. This report reviews three pregnant patients: two of them requiring pacemaker implantation and one underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization without fluoroscopy.

Methods: The cases were performed using EnSite system (St.

Implantation of looped epicardial cardioverter defibrillator coil on the surface of the right ventricular outflow tract.

Background: We present the early results of looped epicardial cardioverter defibrillator coil implantation on the anterior surface of right ventricular outflow tract in infants and children.

Methods: Patients with a surgical history of an epicardial implantable cardioverter defibrillator system between 2013 and 2014 were included in the study. Patient age, gender, body weight, indications for a cardioverter defibrillator system implantation, defibrillation threshold values, and defibrillation therapies were retrospectively evaluated.

Electroanatomic mapping guided cryoablation of Mahaim pathways in children with limited fluoroscopy exposure.

Background: The presence of Mahaim accessory pathways (MAP) with anterograde decremental conduction is a disorder that leads to antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. There are rare reports of cryoablation use in MAP. This study aims at sharing our experience with using cryoablation to treat MAP in children.