Aneurysm Formation at the Internal Carotid Artery Bifurcation Is Related to the Vascular Geometry of the Bifurcation.

Background: In this study, we aimed to comparatively evaluate the morphology of internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcations with and without aneurysms and identify risk factors for aneurysm development that are associated with the bifurcation geometry.

Method: In this two-center study, the computerized tomography angiography data of 1512 patients were evaluated. The study included 64 (4.

Ruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms with concomitant intracerebral hematoma: Clinical and morphological risk factors.

The prognosis for intracerebral hematoma (ICH) following the rupture of a middle cerebral artery bifurcation (Mbif) aneurysm is poor. We compared patients with isolated diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (without ICH) following Mbif aneurysm rupture to those with both SAH and ICH to evaluate clinical and morphological risk factors for ICH. A retrospective study was conducted on 112 patients with ruptured Mbif aneurysms treated between July 2016 and December 2021.

Facial mimicry and metacognitive judgments in emotion recognition are distinctly modulated by social anxiety and autistic traits.

Facial mimicry as well as the accurate assessment of one's performance when judging others' emotional expressions have been suggested to inform successful emotion recognition. Differences in the integration of these two information sources might explain alterations in the perception of others' emotions in individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder and individuals on the autism spectrum. Using a non-clinical sample (N = 57), we examined the role of social anxiety and autistic traits in the link between facial mimicry, or confidence in one's performance, and emotion recognition.

Management and Outcome of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas That Have Caused a Hemorrhage in the Posterior Fossa : A Clinical Study.

Objective: We evaluated the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term results of patients with dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), which is a very rare cause of posterior fossa hemorrhage.

Methods: This study included 15 patients who underwent endovascular, surgical, combined, or Gamma Knife treatments between 2012 and 2020. Demographics and clinical features, angiographic features, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed.

Influence of galantamine on peripheral nerve degeneration after experimental compression injury of the rat sciatic nerve.

Background: Galantamine is well-known for its neuroprotective effects and is currently used in the treatment of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we induced experimental sciatic nerve injury (SCI) in rats to test the beneficial effects of galantamine.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups, as follows: sham, SCI + saline, and SCI + galantamine.

Comparison of Histological and Angiographic Measurements of the Basilar Artery in an Experimental Rabbit Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model.

Aim: To compare the histological and angiographic measurements of the basilar artery in an experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model.

Material And Methods: The basilar artery was measured using both histological and angiographic methods in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and vasospasm rabbit models. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly categorized into two groups: control and SAH groups.

Effect of primary health care reforms in Turkey on health service utilization and user satisfaction.

Strengthening primary health care (PHC) is considered a priority for efficient and responsive health systems, but empirical evidence from low- and middle-income countries is limited. The stepwise introduction of family medicine across all 81 provinces of Turkey (a middle-income country) between 2005 and 2010, aimed at PHC strengthening, presents a natural experiment for assessing the effect of family medicine on health service utilization and user satisfaction.The effect of health system reforms, that introduced family medicine, on utilization was assessed using longitudinal, province-level data for 12 years and multivariate regression models adjusting for supply-side variables, demographics, socio-economic development and underlying yearly trends.

Initial Discectomy Associated with Aging Leading to Adjacent Disc Disease and Recurrence.

Aim: Failure of surgery for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) can be commonly caused by recurrence. There are many debates regarding the risk factors of recurrent LDH (rLDH) and it is very difficult to define them because many clinical and complicated biomechanical parameters are involved. The purpose of study was to evaluate the long term result of re-discectomy for LDH at the same level and adjacent segments.

Biochemical and histopathological effects of catechin on experimental peripheral nerve injuries.

Aim: Catechin is a type of polyphenol, along with epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). This study aims to investigate the effect of EGCG, a major metabolite of catechin, which is the principle bioactive compound in green tea, on rats with peripheral nerve injury.

Material And Methods: A total of 74 rats were divided into six groups, namely the control, the trauma, the normal saline, a 25mg/kg EGCG, a 50mg/kg EGCG and a daily consumption group (10mg/kg EGCG was given intraperitoneally for 14 days before the trauma).

Lessons from Health Transformation in Turkey: Leadership and Challenges.

-Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is a feasible but difficult goal. It requires an outcome-oriented transformation program plus the strong commitment and leadership of high-level politicians. It also necessitates attention to context and receptivity to change, which are crucial for strategy development and delivery.

Nationwide Smoking Cessation Treatment Support Program--Turkey project.

Background: In 2011, Turkish Ministry of Health (MoH) initiated a nation-wide "Smoking Cessation Treatment Support Program" (SCTSP), to provide smoking cessation drugs free of charge.

Methods: SCTSP was conducted in all 81 cities of Turkey, at 228 smoking cessation clinics, and by over 400 physicians. In total, 164,733 participants took advantage of the program between January and November 2011.

Universal health coverage in Turkey: enhancement of equity.

Turkey has successfully introduced health system changes and provided its citizens with the right to health to achieve universal health coverage, which helped to address inequities in financing, health service access, and health outcomes. We trace the trajectory of health system reforms in Turkey, with a particular emphasis on 2003-13, which coincides with the Health Transformation Program (HTP). The HTP rapidly expanded health insurance coverage and access to health-care services for all citizens, especially the poorest population groups, to achieve universal health coverage.

A community-based iron supplementation program, "Iron-Like Turkey", and the following prevalence of anemia among infants aged 12-23 months.

During the second year of the "Iron-like Turkey" Project, in which all children aged 4-6 months in Turkey receive iron supplementation for 5 months, we aimed to assess the utilization of iron supplementation in the field, as well as the prevalence of anemia in healthy infants aged 12-23 months, while determining a variety of sociodemographic and nutritional factors for anemia in three of the 12 NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions (regions with the highest, lowest and middle under-5 malnutrition levels). In a community-based, cross-sectional survey using a multi-staged, weighted, cluster-selected sample, children aged 12-23 months with birthweight ≥2500 g, no chronic illness, no history of blood disease, and from term and singleton pregnancy were enrolled; 1589 children met the criteria. The mean±SD age of children surveyed was 17.

Tobacco-induced neuronal degeneration via cotinine in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord injury.

Objectives: Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals including well-characterized toxicants and carcinogens, among which is cotinine. Cotinine is the principal metabolite of nicotine that has adverse affects on the microcirculation via vasoconstriction, hypoxia and the wound-healing cascade. Its impact on spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been investigated yet.

Electronic health record interoperability as realized in the Turkish health information system.

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to describe the techniques used in developing the National Health Information System of Turkey (NHIS-T), a nation-wide infrastructure for sharing electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods: The UN/CEFACT Core Components Technical Specification (CCTS) methodology was applied to design the logical EHR structure and to increase the reuse of common information blocks in EHRs.

Results: The NHIS-T became operational on January 15, 2009.

Integration of GARD Turkey national program with other non-communicable diseases plans in Turkey.

For the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD), an action plan on NCDs is intended to support coordinated, comprehensive and integrated implementation of strategies and evidence-based interventions across individual diseases and risk factors, especially at the national and regional levels by World Health Organization (WHO). The Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) is making every attempt to align with WHO's non-communicable diseases action plan. GARD activities have been commenced in over 40 countries and in 11 countries an integrated NCD action plan is being prepared or has already been initiated.

The WHO global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases in Turkey (GARD Turkey).

In order to prevent and control non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the 61st World Health Assembly has endorsed an NCD action plan (WHA resolution 61.14). A package for essential NCDs including chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) has also been developed.

An effective and less invasive treatment of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula: closed lumbar drainage system.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage may develop when a defect is formed in dural layers by traumatic or iatrogenic processes. Traumatic CSF leakage was encountered in 2% of head injuries. CSF leakage is an associated feature of 12-30% of skull base fractures.

Dural sinus thrombosis following head injury: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Dural sinus thrombosis (DST) usually involves the sagittal, transverse and sigmoid sinuses and is more common in women due to pregnancy, puerperium and oral contraceptive use. Other etiologies include coagulopathies, infection and head injury. We have present two DST cases following head injury.

Visceral childhood leishmaniasis in Kağizman, eastern Turkey: a new endemic area.

Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in some areas of Turkey; however, it has not been reported previously from the eastern part of the country. We reviewed 21 cases of visceral leishmaniasis admitted from eastern Turkey, 60% of whom were from the same region, Kağizman.

A childhood case of primary hepatic actinomycosis presenting with cutaneous fistula.

Primary hepatic actinomycosis is extremely rare in children. Although the infection has the capability of extension to surrounding tissues or organs, involvement of the abdominal wall is infrequently reported even in adults. We present a childhood case of primary hepatic actinomycosis infiltrating the anterior abdominal wall and spontaneously draining through the skin.

An alarming sign for serious diseases in children: bilateral facial paralysis.

Facial paralysis in children is most often idiopathic, and isolated facial nerve palsy resulting from leukemic infiltration is a rare occurrence. We report a 13-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with bilateral facial palsy, who was previously diagnosed with idiopathic facial palsy and treated with steroids. This rare presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia should be kept in mind as a diagnostic possibility in a patient with bilateral facial nerve paralysis.