Alpha-2 macroglobulin activity in SARS-CoV-2 induced infection and in the post-COVID-19 period.

The universal proteinase inhibitor α2-macroglobulin (α₂-MG) exhibiting antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, is considered as an important participant in the infectious process. The activity of α₂-MG in the new coronavirus infection and post-covid syndrome (long COVID) has not been studied yet. We examined 85 patients diagnosed with community-acquired bilateral polysegmental pneumonia developed under conditions of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2.

Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had stimulated the emergence of numerous publications on the α-proteinase inhibitor (α-PI, α-antitrypsin), especially when it was found that the regions of high mortality corresponded to the regions with deficient α-PI alleles. By analogy with the data obtained in the last century, when the first cause of the genetic deficiency of α-antitrypsin leading to elastase activation in pulmonary emphysema was proven, it can be supposed that proteolysis hyperactivation in COVID-19 may be associated with the impaired functions of α-PI. The purpose of this review was to systematize the scientific data and critical directions for translational studies on the role of α-PI in SARS-CoV-2-induced proteolysis hyperactivation as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target.

Sars-Cov2 Induced Biochemical Mechanisms in Liver Damage and Intestinal Lesions.

Unlabelled: Multiple pathogenic mechanisms are found in SARS-CoV2 systemic inflammation. Oxidative stress, altered proteolysis, hypercoagulation, and metabolic disorders are significant in virus-induced lesions. The study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism of virus-induced disorders and determine the biochemical features in SARS-CoV2-associated liver damage and intestine lesions.

[Proteolysis and deficiency of α1-proteinase inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 infection].

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemia had stimulated the numerous publications emergence on the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI, α1-antitrypsin), primarily when it was found that high mortality in some regions corresponded to the regions with deficient α1-PI alleles. By analogy with the last century's data, when the root cause of the α1-antitrypsin, genetic deficiency leading to the elastase activation in pulmonary emphysema, was proven. It is evident that proteolysis hyperactivation in COVID-19 may be associated with α1-PI impaired functions.

[Adiponectin gene expression in local fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease depending on the degree of coronary lesion].

Aim: To determine the dependence of adiponectin gene expression by subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular adipocytes on the degree of coronary lesion in coronary heart disease.

Materials And Methods: 84 patients with coronary artery disease were examined. Of these, 39 people showed a moderate degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed (less than or equal to 22 points) on the SYNTAX Score scale, 20 severe (2231 points), and 25 extremely severe (more than 32 points).

Adipocytes Directly Affect Coronary Artery Disease Pathogenesis via Induction of Adipokine and Cytokine Imbalances.

This study aimed to investigate the adipokine and cytokine profiles of adipocytes from epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissues in interconnection with the visceral adipose tissue area and the biochemical and clinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease. We assessed 84 patients with coronary artery disease (65 men, 19 women) and divided them into two groups based on the presence of visceral obesity. We sampled epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissues from the patients with visceral obesity.

[Expression of gene and content of adiponectin in fatty tissue in patients with ischemic heart disease].

The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of expression and adiponectin content in the adipocyte culture of subcutaneous, epicardial, and perivascular adipose tissue and the effect of various doses of rosuvastatin on these processes. 29 patients with coronary artery disease were examined. Adipocytes were isolated from the samples of SAT, EAT and PVAT which were taken during coronary artery bypass surgery, followed by cultivation in the presence of rosuvastatin and evaluation of gene expression and adiponectin concentration.

Biological markers and cardiac remodelling following the myocardial infarction.

Aim: To assess growth stimulating factor ST2 and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in the sera of myocardial infraction (MI) patients, and their correlation with the adaptive and maladaptive variants of cardiac remodelling.

Methods: 87 patients (65 male, 22 females; 67±8.36 years) with ST-elevated MI were included in this study, and 67 patients had an adaptive, physiological, while 20 patients had a maladaptive, pathological variant of myocardium remodelling.

Relationship between epicardial and perivascular fatty tissue and adipokine-cytokine level in coronary artery disease patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and the adipokine-cytokine profile of patients with coronary heart disease, which can be of significant importance for predicting the course of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Eighty-four patients with CVD were assessed and divided into two groups based on the presence of visceral obesity (VO). In patients with VO, the thickness of the epicardial deposits of the left and right ventricles were 1.

[Ghrelin Physiology and Pathophysiology: Focus on the Cardiovascular System].

Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone, mainly synthesized by P / D1 cells of the stomach fundus mucosa. Its basic effect, which is realized via GHS-R1 α receptor in the arcuate and the ventromedial nucleuses of hypothalamus, is stimulation of the synthesis of pituitary hormones. Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as modulation of functioning of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and immune systems.

Influence of visceral obesity on the secretion of adipokines with epicardial adipocytes in patients with coronary heart disease.

Aim: To study adipokine-cytokine profile of epicardial adipocytes (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in conjunction with the area of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), biochemical and clinical characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease.

Materials And Methods: Examined 84 patients (70 men and 14 women) with coronary artery disease. In fact the presence of visceral obesity (VO) the patients were divided into two groups.

Relationships between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and adipo-fibrokine indicator profiles post-myocardial infarction.

Background: Determination of the impact of visceral obesity and epicardial adipose tissue thickness on stimulating growth factor levels during hospitalization for myocardial infarction is of potential importance for predicting outcomes and assessing the development of cardiofibrotic changes associated with maladaptive myocardial remodeling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between epicardial adipose tissue thickness, adipokine profiles, and the stimulating growth factor 2/interleukin-33 signaling system during hospitalization for myocardial infarction, and with the cardiac fibrosis extent 1-year post-MI in patients with visceral obesity.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with myocardial infarction were grouped based on their visceral obesity.

Effect of different doses of statins on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with myocardial infarction.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may have common developmental mechanisms associated with lipid metabolism disorders. Dyslipidemia and progression of atherosclerosis in people with T2DM are accompanied by an increase in cardiovascular mortality. This study examined the dose-dependent action of atorvastatin on carbohydrate metabolism and adipokine status in patients within 12 months after myocardial infarction (MI).

Adipokine and Cytokine Profiles of Epicardial and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

The content of adipokines, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in adipocytes isolated from epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue of 24 coronary heart disease patients. The content of leptin and soluble leptin receptor in adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue was higher by 28.6 and 56.

[Evaluation of the hemostatic potential at coronary artery bypass surgery during long-term aspirin therapy].

Aim: To estimate thrombin generation test parameters in patients with coronary heart disease during coronary artery bypass surgery under extracorporeal circulation after transfusion of donor platelet concentrates during long-term therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

Subjects And Methods: A total of 148 patients with coronary heart disease who had undergone elective primary coronary artery bypass surgery under extracorporeal circulation during preserved therapy with ASA (75-100 mg/day) were examined. According to donor platelet concentrate transfusion, all the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 76 patients undergoing donor platelet transfusion and 2) 72 without this procedure.

Use of thrombin generation test for monitoring hemostasis in coronary bypass surgery.

To evaluate the parameters of the thrombin generation test (TGT) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on prolonged aspirin therapy during on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after donor platelet concentrate transfusion. A total of 148 patients with CAD on prolonged aspirin therapy (75-100 mg/day) who have undergone elective on-pump CABG were consecutively included in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups.

Relationship key factor of inflammation and the development of complications in the late period of myocardial infarction in patients with visceral obesity.

Background: Cytokines play an significant role in regulating non-specific inflammatory response involved in many pathological processes. The current study tested the hypothesis that myocardial infarction in patients with obesity can lead to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and unfavorable course of the pathological process.

Methods: The study recruited 232 male patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction.

[The physiologic and pathophysiologic role of stimulating growth factor ST2.].

The ST2 is a member of family of receptors of interleukin I (IL-I) and consists of two isoforms: a trans-membrane of cellular one (ST2L) and soluble or circulating one (sST2). The ST2 is a receptor of IL-33 that represents IL-I like cytokine. The IL-33 manifests its cellular functions binding receptor complex consisted of accessory protein ST2L and IL-IR.

[The advantage of test on thrombin generation for evaluation of hemostasis potential under implementation of coronary bypass surgery in patients with ischemic heart disease.].

The purpose of study is to evaluate peri-operational parameters of testing of generation of thrombin and its relationship with indices of coagulation hemostasis, fibrinolytic system and anti-coagulants in patients with ischemic heart disease under coronary bypass surgery in conditions of artificial blood circulation. The examined sampling included 200 patients with ischemic heart disease. The planned primary operation of coronary bypass surgery in conditions of artificial blood circulation was applied to all of them.

[THE ROLE OF LOW-FREQUENCY PIEZOTHROMBOELASTOGRAPHY IN THE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF HEMOSTASIS IN CORONARY BYPASS SURGERY WITH CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS].

Aim: To monitor the hemostatic system during platelet concentrate transfusions using low-frequency piezothromboelastography in patients with coronary bypass surgery given aspirin therapy.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 148 patients with coronary bypass surgery, with 76 ones undergoing intraoperative transfusion of platelet concentrate and 72 treated without transfusion. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals.

Early Effects of Treatment Low-Dose Atorvastatin on Markers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Dyslipidemia is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, attention has been focused on the development of drugs that normalize lipid levels and exert an effect on markers of atherothrombosis, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Atorvastatin is a drug with not only lipid-lowering potential, but it has multiple non-lipid effects.

Prognostic Value of Soluble ST2 During Hospitalization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Studying the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) during hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) can be helpful for predicting the course of the hospitalization and development of complications.

Methods: We included 88 patients with MI (median age, 58 yr). Depending on the course of the hospitalization, the patients were divided into two groups: the favorable (n=58) and unfavorable (n=30) outcome groups.

[Diagnostic value of the stimulating growth factor ST2 during hospitalization for myocardial infarction].

Aim: To determine the concentration of the stimulating growth factor ST2 and its relationship to the clinical course of myocardial infarction (MI) over time during hospitalization.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-eight MI patients whose mean age was 59±8.36 years were examined.

The role of adipose tissue and adipokines in the manifestation of type 2 diabetes in the long-term period following myocardial infarction.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the markers of insulin resistance and adipokine status in patients with visceral obesity during hospitalization following myocardial infarction (MI) and assess the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism present 1 year after MI onset.

Methods: 94 male patients with MI were recruited. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age less than 50 or greater than 80 years, the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and a prior history of pronounced renal failure.

[The possibility of application of stimulant growth factor (ST2) for verifying postinfarction remodeling of myocardium.].

Purpose Of Study: To detect level ST2 in blood serum of patients with myocardium infarction in dynamics of hospital period and their relationship with remodeling of myocardium.

Materials And Methods: The study sampling included 87 patients (65 males and 22 females) with myocardium infarction and the ST-segment elevation and average age of 59 years. All patients were allocated in two groups: with adaptive alternative of remodeling of myocardium (67 patients) and deadaptive alternative (20 patients).