Impact of cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. An experience from Western Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) over-expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its role in carcinogenesis and prognosis.

Methods: It was a retrospective study. Archival samples were obtained from Pathology Department at King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, over 11 years' period (January 2006 to December 2017).

Histopathological pattern of testicular diseases in western Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the histopathological pattern of testicular diseases among Saudi patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This retrospective histopathology-based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from January 2006 to December 2017. The data collected were entered into MS-Excel and  analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences Version 19.

Clinicopathologic Patterns of Adult Renal Tumors.

Background And Aim: Adult renal tumors (ARTs) are rare as compared with tumors of other organs and systems; however, it is important to have demographic and pathology data of rare tumors, including ART. No such data are available from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, we aimed to study the demographic and pathological data of ART from King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, KSA.

Clinicopathological profile of gastric cancers in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To characterise the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the histopathology laboratory of King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and comprised record of gastric cancer patients from January 2006 to September 2015. Data of all patients who had undergone gastrectomy was included.

Histopathological pattern of benign endoscopic gastric biopsies in Western Saudi Arabia: A review of 1236 cases.

Objective: To determine the histopathological pattern of gastritis and benign gastric diseases in western Saudi Arabia.

Methods: TThis retrospective histopathology-based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and comprised medical records of all patients who were diagnosed to have benign gastric diseases from January 2006 to December 2015.SPSS 19 was used for data analysis.

Urinary bladder cancer in adults: a histopathological experience from Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To delineate the frequency and clinicopathological features of urinary bladder cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the King Fahd Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and comprised medical records related to bladder tumours, from January 2006 to October 2015. Data was obtained from histopathologic reports and evaluated for age, gender, cystoscopic findings and histopathological characteristics at the time of presentation.

Ki67 expression in breast cancer. Correlation with prognostic markers and clinicopathological parameters in Saudi patients.

Objectives: To evaluate Ki67 immunoexpression pattern in Saudi breast cancer (BC) patients and investigate any possible predictive or prognostic value for Ki67.

Methods: This is a retrospective study designed to quantitatively assess the Ki67 proliferative index (PI) in retrieved paraffin blocks of 115 Saudi BC patients diagnosed between January 2005 and March 2015 at the Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Ki67 PI was correlated with individual and combined immunoprofile data of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) with their clinicopathological parameters.

Molecular Profiling of Breast Carcinoma in Almadinah, KSA: Immunophenotyping and Clinicopathological Correlation.

Purpose: To subtype breast cancer (BC) in Saudi women according to the recent molecular classification and to correlate these subtypes with available clinicopathological parameters.

Materials And Methods: Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2/neu) immunostaining was semi-quantitatively assessed to define molecular subtypes of luminal A and B, HER-2 and triple negative (basal- like) in BC paraffin embedded sections from 115 Saudi female patients diagnosed between 2005 to 2015 at the Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital, Almadinah, Saudi Arabia.

Results: The most common subtypes were luminal A (47%), followed by luminal B (27.

Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of breast. A pathology case report with review of literature.

Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma (MBC) is a group of rare breast cancers; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is its most common member. Due to rarity of the condition, frequent case reports have been published of late. In the last one year alone, there were about a dozen such reports.

Histopathological features of breast cancer in Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To observe the frequency of breast cancer among Saudi patients and to highlight the age variations and features of advanced cancer.

Methods: A retrospective study of breast cancer biopsies from all Saudi patients performed between January 2006 and December 2013 in King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All the available demographic and tumor related data was analyzed.

Histopathological patterns of thyroid disease in Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions among Saudi patients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from thyroid specimens received at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013.

Results: The 292 thyroidectomy specimens received during the study period came from 230 (78.

Pattern of lymph node pathology in western Saudi Arabia.

Background: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of lymph node pathology among Saudi patients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from lymph node biopsy specimens received at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013.

Results: Of the 289 lymph node biopsy specimens received, 154 (53.

Histopathological features of colorectal cancer in Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia: 8 years experience.

Background: To determine the histopathological pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Saudi patients with a view to determine various epidemiological and histopathological features of the disease.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the demographic and histopathological data of all the patients with CRC diagnosed at King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia over a period of 8 years from January 2006 to December 2013.

Results: Of 324 cases of CRC reviewed, 200 cases (61.

Chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori: a histopathological study of gastric mucosal biopsies.

The aim of this study was to observe the histological features of chronic gastritis and associated effects due to Helicobacter pylori infection in 176 randomly selected antral biopsy specimens of chronic gastritis cases. The specimens were reviewed for the presence or absence of H.pylori.

Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor of the testis.

Sclerosing Sertoli-cell tumor is a rare, sex-cord-stromal tumor of the testis with distinct clinical and pathological features with only 14 such cases reported in contemporary literature. We report such a tumor in a young diabetic and hypertensive male. Serum beta-HCG, alpha-protein and LDH levels were normal.

Polymerase chain reaction in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objective: To determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, in patients suffering from gastritis and peptic ulcer disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and correlate the results with the histological diagnosis.

Design: Analytical, comparative study.

Incidence of cancer esophagus in Quetta and Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To study the differences in the incidence of cancer esophagus in Karachi and Quetta, Pakistan.

Methods: Incident cases of cancer esophagus registered from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2000 were included for Karachi South, and those registered from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2000 were included for Karachi Division and Quetta.

Results: In Quetta, cancer esophagus had age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 25.

Candida esophagitis: risk factors in non-HIV population in Pakistan.

Aim: Candida esophagitis is a frequent infection in immunocompromised patients. This study was designed to determine its characteristics in non- human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected patients attending a teaching hospital.

Methods: Clinical records of all patients coded by international classification of diseases 9th revision with clinical modifications' (ICD-9-CM), with candida esophagitis diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathology over a period of 5 years were studied.

Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in Karachi--identification of potential risk factors.

The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the demographics of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in Karachi South (1995-2001), and identify potential risk factors. Cases recorded for Karachi South, at Karachi Cancer Registry during 1(st) January 1995 to 31(st) December 2002 were analysed. For maximum completion of data cancer cases, recorded from 1(st) January 1995 to 31(st) December 2001 were included for final analysis.

Candida oesophagitis with hepatitis C virus: an uncommon association.

Candida oesophagitis is an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness. We report a 28-year-old woman who presented with Candida oesophagitis with underlying chronic hepatitis C. The patient presented with anorexia and weakness and was noted to have raised serum transaminases.

Comparative analysis of viral titers and histologic features of Pakistani patients infected with hepatitis C virus type 3.

Background: Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels and genotypes are considered to be important determinants of the response to interferon treatment. Generally, patterns of viral loads have been reported for HCV type 1 infections and categorized as low- or high-level viremia. We studied the distribution of HCV RNA levels in patients predominantly infected with HCV type 3 and correlated it with hepatic damage.

Large-scale pathology-based cancer data--a reflection of population-based cancer data.

Pathology-based cancer data is a high quality reflection of the patterns of cancer in the population it represents, provided the demographic details of the patients are carefully recorded. Relative frequency data is neither a replacement for population-based data nor a suggested alternative; it simply enhances the quality of population data and in very large data sets reflects the cancer patterns observed in the representative populations. Aware of the standard shortfalls of pathology-based data, the department of pathology, The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) standardized its data, representing 53.