Serum Levels of Indoxyl Sulfate and P-cresol in Type II Diabetic Patients With and Without Nephropathy.

Introduction: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and para-cresol (p-cresol) are uremic toxins with high protein bonding index that accumulate in the body with decreasing kidney function. The main purpose of the current investigation was to compare the concentration of p-cresol and IS in serum of the type II diabetic individuals with and without nephropathy.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with type II diabetes mellitus were divided into two groups: case and control.

Effect of Nano-Curcumin on Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Reaction in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Despite advances in medical technology, radiation-induced dermatitis occurs in 95% of cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Currently, there is no standard and effective treatment for the prevention or control of radiation dermatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of nano-curcumin in alleviating the radiation-induced skin reactions (RISRs) in breast cancer patients.

Thermoluminescent Characteristics of GR-200, TLD-700H and TLD-100 for Low Dose Measurement: Linearity, Repeatability, Dose Rate and Photon Energy Dependence.

Background: The dose values obtained from procedures of diagnostic radiology are relatively low. To accurately and precisely measure the dose values in this dose range, it is necessary to know the characteristics of dosimeters.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate several thermoluminescent characteristics of GR-200, TLD-700H and TLD-100 for low dose measurement.

Imperatorin Attenuates the Proliferation of MCF-7 Cells in Combination with Radiotherapy or Hyperthermia.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of malignancies in the world. Cancer resistance is an unavoidable consequence of therapy with radiation or other modalities. Ongoing research aims to improve cancer response to therapy.

A comparison of symmetry and flatness measurements in small electron fields by different dosimeters in electron beam radiotherapy.

Background: Symmetry and flatness are two quantities which should be evaluated in the commissioning and quality control of an electron beam in electron beam radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to compare symmetry and flatness obtained using three different dosimeters for various small and large fields in electron beam radiotherapy with linac.

Materials And Methods: Beam profile measurements were performed in a PTW water phantom for 10, 15 and 18 MeV electron beams of an Elekta Precise linac for small and large beams (1.

Study on the Dose Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticles When Exposed to Clinical Electron, Proton, and Alpha Particle Beams by Means of Geant4.

Background: Various factors effecting deposited energy and dose enhancement ratio (DER) in the simplified model of cell caused by the interaction of a cluster of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with electron beams were assessed, and the results were compared with other sources through Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit.

Method: The effect of added GNPs on the DNA strand breaks level, irradiated to electron, proton, and alpha beams, is assessed.

Results: Presence of GNPs in the cell makes DER value more pronounced for low-energy photons rather than electron beam.

Comparison of dosimetric parameters of small-field electron beams between Advanced Markus, Semiflex 3D, and Diode E responses.

The usage of dosimetry of small fields in radiotherapy to measure radiation dose is difficult because of high-dose gradients, lateral electronic disequilibrium, and detector volume effects. In this study, three dosimeters namely, Markus, Semiflex 3D, and Diode E were tested using the Elekta-accelerator electron beams. The electron beam parameters, penumbra, and output factor were determined using these dosimeters for each field size and energy.

Dosimetric evaluation of PASSAG-U polymer gel dosimeter: Dependence of dose rate and photon energy.

Objective: Several physical factors such as dose rate and photon energy may change response and sensitivity of polymer gel dosimeters. This study aims to evaluate the R2-dose response and sensitivity dependence of PASSAG-U gel dosimeters with 3% and 5% urea on dose rate and photon energy.

Materials And Methods: The PASSAG-U gel dosimeters were prepared under normal atmospheric conditions.

Measuring the dose-width product and proposing the local diagnostic reference level in panoramic dental radiography: a multi-center study from Iran.

Objective: Although radiation exposure associated with dental radiography is relatively low, patient exposure must be kept practically low. Therefore, it is necessary for each country to establish its own diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) suitable for its equipment and practice. In the present study, dose-width product (DWP) values for panoramic dental radiography were measured and a local DRL was established.

Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid.

Background: After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy.

Evaluation of Ameliorative Potential of Vitamins E and C on DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) in Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography (CT): A Clinical Study.

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important diagnostic X-ray procedures which plays an important role in increasing the patient dose values. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamins E and C in lowering down the level of DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by CT scan. Sixty patients for abdomen/pelvic enhanced CT scan were randomly assigned to placebo (control), vitamin C, and vitamin E groups.

Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis Using Metformin and Melatonin: A Histopathological Study.

Pneumonitis and fibrosis are the most common consequences of lung exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation during an accidental radiological or nuclear event, and may lead to death, after some months to years. So far, some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents have been used for mitigation of lung injury. In the present study, we aimed to detect possible mitigatory effects of melatonin and metformin on radiation-induced pneumonitis and lung fibrosis.

Radiation-Induced Dual Oxidase Upregulation in Rat Heart Tissues: Protective Effect of Melatonin.

: Radiation-induced heart injury can lead to increased risk of heart failure, attack, and ischemia. Some studies proposed IL-4 and IL-13 as two important cytokines that are involved in late effects of ionizing radiation. On the other hand, these cytokines may, through upregulation of and , induce chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Melatonin Attenuates Upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 and Protects against Lung Injury following Chest Irradiation in Rats.

Objective: The Lung is one of the most radiosensitive organs of the body. The infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the lung is mediated via the stimulation of T-helper 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which play a key role in the development of fibrosis. It is likely that these cytokines induce chronic oxidative damage and inflammation through the upregulation of and , which can increase the risk of late effects of ionizing radiation (IR) such as fibrosis and carcinogenesis.

A survey of computed tomography dose index and dose length product level in usual computed tomography protocol.

Background: Nowadays, the use of computed tomography (CT) as a diagnostic tool has been considerably increased. Therefore, implementation of the program to conform the protection regulations on the CT scan is necessary to reduce the detrimental effects of radiation.

Objective: This study was performed to measure weighted CT dose index (CTDI) and dose length product (DLP) in routine CT protocols of the adult patients.

The Radioprotective Effects of Curcumin and Trehalose Against Genetic Damage Caused By I-131.

Background: Thyroid cancer has been growing rapidly during the last decades. Radioiodine-131 (I-131) as an appropriate therapy modality is currently using in the treatment of cancer and hyperthyroidism diseases. This radiotracer is considered as a cause of oxidative DNA damage in nontarget cells and tissues.

Vitamins E and C Prevent DNA Double-strand Breaks in Peripheral Lymphocytes Exposed to Radiations from Iodine-131.

Purpose: Iodine-131 is used as a radiopharmaceutical to treat thyroid cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamins E and C on the level of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by Radioiodine-131 (I-131) in human lymphocytes.

Materials And Methods: Whole blood samples from human volunteers were incubated with a certain concentration of vitamins.

A Combination of Prebiotic Inulin and Oligofructose Improve Some of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on some of cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 52 females (25 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Effect of balance training with Biodex Stability System on balance in diabetic neuropathy.

Objectives: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) in the elderly is a common complication of diabetes that can negatively influence balance control. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of balance training program on postural stability of diabetic patients.

Patients And Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 34 elderly DN patients were divided into intervention (n = 17) and control (n = 17) groups.

Measurement of Entrance Skin Dose and Calculation of Effective Dose for Common Diagnostic X-Ray Examinations in Kashan, Iran.

The knowledge of the radiation dose received by the patient during the radiological examination is essential to prevent risks of exposures. The aim of this work is to study patient doses for common diagnostic radiographic examinations in hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical sciences, Iran. The results of this survey are compared with those published by some national and international values.

Association of insulin resistance with lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, and hormonal aberrations in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

This cross-sectional study was aimed to better clarify the associations of insulin resistance (IR) with endocrinometabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Anthropometric measurements, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and the presence of IR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were assessed in 63 overweight or obese PCOS patients subdivided into insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) groups. Fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR were higher (p<0.

Resistant dextrin, as a prebiotic, improves insulin resistance and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Improvement of insulin resistance and inflammation is a basic strategy in the management of type 2 diabetes. There is limited evidence that prebiotics improve insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the ameliorating effect of resistant dextrin, as a prebiotic, on insulin resistance and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been investigated so far.

Consequences of lethal-whole-body gamma radiation and possible ameliorative role of melatonin.

Gamma radiation induces the generation of free radicals, leading to serious cellular damages in biological systems. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the deleterious effects of radiation. Melatonin synergistically acts as an immune-stimulator and antioxidant.

Can melatonin help us in radiation oncology treatments?

Nowadays, radiotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment regimen in various malignancies for curative or palliative purposes. Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals, which attack various cellular components. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation.

Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial.

There is limited evidence on the effects of prebiotics on inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation on inflammatory indices and metabolic endotoxemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The participants included diabetic females (n = 49).