OS017. Maternal death risk factor score based on hospital reference pattern and maternal condition of eclamptic woman in Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Introduction: Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high, around 230/100,000 live birth in 2005. Eclampsia is the second most cause of maternal death (about 13%). We have a very high prevalence of eclampsia in our center (Surabaya) about 1.

OS002. Comparison TNF-α level and pathogen periodontal microorganismbetween normal pregnant women, periodontitis pregnant women, and lateonset severe preeclampsia women.

Introduction: Preeclampsia Morbidity and Mortality is still high because of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. One of the theory about pathogenesis of preeclampsia in developing country is infections. Periodontitis is found in 10-60% preeclampsia cases in our center.

Translational research in immune senescence: assessing the relevance of current models.

Advancing age is accompanied by profound changes in immune function; some are induced by the loss of critical niches that support development of naïve cells (e.g. thymic involution), others by the intrinsic physiology of long-lived cells attempting to maintain homeostasis, still others by extrinsic effects such as oxidative stress or long-term exposure to antigen due to persistent viral infections.

Properties of end-stage human T cells defined by CD45RA re-expression.

Persistent viral infections, inflammatory syndromes and ageing all induce the accumulation of highly differentiated CD45RA re-expressing memory T cells. These cells increase during ageing, especially in individuals who are infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV). These cells have decreased proliferative capacity, increased activation of senescence signalling pathways and greater susceptibility to apoptosis in vitro.

The role of the T cell in age-related inflammation.

Ageing is accompanied by alterations to T-cell immunity and also by a low-grade chronic inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The significance of these phenomena is highlighted by their being predictors of earlier mortality. We have recently published that the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα is a strong inducer of CD4(+) T-cell senescence and T-cell differentiation, adding to the growing body of literature implicating proinflammatory molecules in mediating these critical age-related T-cell alterations.

Reversal of functional defects in highly differentiated young and old CD8 T cells by PDL blockade.

Highly differentiated CD8(+) CD28(-) CD27(-) T cells have short telomeres, defective telomerase activity and reduced capacity for proliferation. In addition, these cells express increased levels of inhibitory receptors and display defective Akt(ser(473)) phosphorylation following activation. It is not known whether signalling via programmed death 1 (PD-1) contributes to any of the attenuated differentiation-related functional changes in CD8(+) T cells.

A gating mechanism for border node assisted association of wireless personal area networks.

IEEE 802.15.4 based Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are envisioned to play a vital role in the application centric ubiquitous networks.

Increased levels of SV2A botulinum neurotoxin receptor in clinical sensory disorders and functional effects of botulinum toxins A and E in cultured human sensory neurons.

Background: There is increasing evidence that botulinum neurotoxin A may affect sensory nociceptor fibers, but the expression of its receptors in clinical pain states, and its effects in human sensory neurons, are largely unknown.

Methods: We studied synaptic vesicle protein subtype SV2A, a receptor for botulinum neurotoxin A, by immunostaining in a range of clinical tissues, including human dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, peripheral nerves, the urinary bladder, and the colon. We also determined the effects of botulinum neurotoxins A and E on localization of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, and functional sensitivity to capsaicin stimuli in cultured human dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Polyfunctional T cells accumulate in large human cytomegalovirus-specific T cell responses.

Large cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8 T-cell responses are observed in both young and, somewhat more often, old people. Frequent CMV reactivation is thought to exhaust these cells and render them dysfunctional so that larger numbers of them are needed to control CMV. Expansions of CMV-specific CD4 T cells are also seen but are less well studied.

Report from the second cytomegalovirus and immunosenescence workshop.

The Second International Workshop on CMV & Immunosenescence was held in Cambridge, UK, 2-4th December, 2010. The presentations covered four separate sessions: cytomegalovirus and T cell phenotypes; T cell memory frequency, inflation and immunosenescence; cytomegalovirus in aging, mortality and disease states; and the immunobiology of cytomegalovirus-specific T cells and effects of the virus on vaccination. This commentary summarizes the major findings of these presentations and references subsequently published work from the presenter laboratory where appropriate and draws together major themes that were subsequently discussed along with new areas of interest that were highlighted by this discussion.

Reversible senescence in human CD4+CD45RA+CD27- memory T cells.

Persistent viral infections and inflammatory syndromes induce the accumulation of T cells with characteristics of terminal differentiation or senescence. However, the mechanism that regulates the end-stage differentiation of these cells is unclear. Human CD4(+) effector memory (EM) T cells (CD27(-)CD45RA(-)) and also EM T cells that re-express CD45RA (CD27(-)CD45RA(+); EMRA) have many characteristics of end-stage differentiation.

Immune responses in the skin in old age.

A marked increase in the susceptibility to cutaneous infections and malignancies has been observed in older humans indicating that cutaneous immunity becomes defective with age. In this review we will focus on recent developments in the understanding of age-related changes in immune function of the skin with a particular emphasis on how alterations in the interaction between cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity leads to decreased cutaneous antigen-specific T cell immunosurveillance.

CT cerebral blood flow maps optimally correlate with admission diffusion-weighted imaging in acute stroke but thresholds vary by postprocessing platform.

Background And Purpose: Admission infarct core lesion size is an important determinant of management and outcome in acute (<9 hours) stroke. Our purposes were to: (1) determine the optimal CT perfusion parameter to define infarct core using various postprocessing platforms; and (2) establish the degree of variability in threshold values between these different platforms.

Methods: We evaluated 48 consecutive cases with vessel occlusion and admission CT perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging within 3 hours of each other.

Transarterial chemoembolization with Doxorubicin-eluting microspheres for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Therapy with drug-eluting microspheres was recently introduced with an aim to decrease the high postoperative morbidity associated with chemoembolization with lipiodol. The purpose of our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of chemoembolization with doxorubicin-eluting microspheres (DEB-TACE) for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Material And Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, 54 patients (44 men; median age, 61 years) with inoperable HCC were treated with DEB-TACE.

Are senescence and exhaustion intertwined or unrelated processes that compromise immunity?

Can the immune system be reactivated continuously throughout the lifetime of an organism or is there a finite point at which repeated antigenic challenge leads to the loss of lymphocyte function or the cells themselves or both? Replicative senescence and exhaustion are processes that control T cell proliferative activity and function; however, there is considerable confusion over the relationship between these two intrinsic cellular control mechanisms. In this Opinion article, we compare the molecular regulation of senescence and exhaustion in T cells. Available data suggest that both processes are regulated independently of each other and that it may be safer to block exhaustion than senescence to enhance immunity.

Measurement of proliferation and disappearance of regulatory T cells in human studies using deuterium-labeled glucose.

The in vivo proliferation and disappearance kinetics of lymphocytes may be estimated in humans from rates of deuterium-labeled glucose ((2)H(2)-glucose) incorporation into DNA. This protocol describes its application to regulatory T cells (Treg). Because Treg divide frequently, (2)H(2)-glucose is a suitable precursor, achieving high levels of enrichment over a short period.

Cytomegalovirus infection induces the accumulation of short-lived, multifunctional CD4+CD45RA+CD27+ T cells: the potential involvement of interleukin-7 in this process.

The relative roles that ageing and lifelong cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have in shaping naive and memory CD4+ T-cell repertoires in healthy older people is unclear. Using multiple linear regression analysis we found that age itself is a stronger predictor than CMV seropositivity for the decrease in CD45RA+ CD27+ CD4+ T cells over time. In contrast, the increase in CD45RA⁻ CD27⁻ and CD45RA+ CD27⁻ CD4+ T cells is almost exclusively the result of CMV seropositivity, with age alone having no significant effect.

Memory T-cell homeostasis and senescence during aging.

Evidence is accumulating that old individuals are more susceptible to infection with organisms to which they were previously immune, indicating that there might be a limit to the persistence of immune memory. The prevailing concept is that defects in memory T-cell populations result from inexorable end-stage differentiation as a result of repeated lifelong antigenic challenge. We discuss here mechanisms that might constrain the persistence of memory T cells and consider whether humans will suffer from memory T-cell exhaustion as life expectancy increases.