Fluorescence microscopy of parathyroid and thyroid tissues for localization of autofluorescent substances using near-infrared wavelengths.

Objective: The parathyroid gland emits autofluorescence with a peak at 822 nm when excited using near-infrared light at 785 nm; this observation of autofluorescence using a near-infrared detection device is useful for identifying the parathyroid gland during surgery. We aimed to clarify the localization of autofluorescent substances in parathyroid and thyroid tissues by observing them under a fluorescence microscope through filters that selectively pass specific near-infrared wavelengths.

Methods: Four cases of parathyroid and three cases of thyroid were examined under a fluorescence microscope.

Efficacy of pembrolizumab in microsatellite-stable, tumor mutational burden-high metastatic colorectal cancer: genomic signatures and clinical outcomes.

Background: Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), shows significant survival benefits in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but its efficacy in microsatellite-stable (MSS) mCRC is limited. Although ICIs are effective in tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) solid tumors, the impact on MSS-TMB-H mCRC, a rare subset within MSS mCRC, remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using clinical and genomic data from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) repository in Japan.

Zymosan-Treated SKG Mice: Assessing Effects of Systemic Inflammation on the Temporomandibular Joint.

Objectives: The effects of systemic inflammation on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to study the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.

Materials And Methods: SKG mice, a BALB/c strain with spontaneous onset of rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms due to a spontaneous point mutation (W163C) in the gene encoding the SH2 domain of ZAP-70, were treated with zymosan (β-1,3-glucan).

TIM-3 marks measurable residual leukemic stem cells responsible for relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

In this study, we investigated the measurable residual leukemic stem cell (MR-LSC) population after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), utilizing T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) expression as a functional marker of AML leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Analysis of the CD34CD38 fraction of bone marrow cells immediately after achievement of engraftment revealed the presence of both TIM-3LSCs and TIM-3 donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at varying ratios. Genetic analysis confirmed that TIM-3 cells harbored patient-specific mutations identical to those found in AML clones, whereas TIM-3 cells did not, indicating that TIM-3CD34CD38 cells represent residual AML LSCs.

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia With a Germline Mutation.

According to the 2016 World Health Organization classification, a germline DEAD-box helicase 41 gene () mutation with myeloid neoplasms has been newly classified. The clinical course of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a germline mutation has not yet been clarified. In the early phase, this condition is slowly progressive, the rate of remission induction is high, and the prognosis is good.

A phase 1/2 study of gilteritinib in combination with chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with AML in Asia.

Objective: This interim analysis of a phase 1/2, open-label, single-arm study assessed the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of gilteritinib plus chemotherapy in adults with newly diagnosed FLT3 mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods: In sequential phase 1 and 2 studies, induction and consolidation therapy with gilteritinib 120 mg/day plus chemotherapy (induction: idarubicin/cytarabine once daily; consolidation: cytarabine twice daily) was followed by maintenance gilteritinib 120 mg/day monotherapy. Endpoints included maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended expansion dose (RED), and dose-limiting toxicity (phase 1), and complete remission (CR) rate following induction therapy (primary endpoint), overall survival (OS), safety, and pharmacokinetics (phase 2).

Clinical characteristics in adolescents and young adults with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia in Japan.

We report the first large-scale retrospective cohort study on adolescent and young adult (AYA) polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) in Japan, a subgroup analysis using Japanese multicenter registry data (JSH-MPN-R18). This study included patients with PV (n = 31) or ET (n = 141) aged 20 to 39 years at the initial visit. Hemorrhage-free survival (HFS) was better in AYA ET than in non-AYA ET (5-year HFS: 100% vs.

Lymphoproliferative Disorder in an Esophageal Cancer Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab.

A 75-year-old man diagnosed with esophageal cancer and lung metastasis received a combination of fluorouracil, cisplatin, and pembrolizumab. During pembrolizumab maintenance therapy, lymphoproliferative lesions at the lips and mouth and multiple lymph node swellings appeared. Histologically, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA was positive, and EBV-DNA was detected in the blood.

[A Comparison of Tumor Respiratory Motion Evaluation Methods Using Dynamic Thorax Motion Phantom].

Purpose: We evaluated the measurement accuracy and time efficiency of the tumor respiratory motion evaluation methods using a dynamic thorax motion phantom.

Methods: A total of 12 patterns of 4DCT images with different tumor displacements and artifacts were used for the measurement. Three methods were employed to measure tumor motion.

Correlation of patient symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant viral loads in nasopharyngeal and saliva samples and their influence on the performance of rapid antigen testing.

Unlabelled: Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in nasopharyngeal (NP) and saliva samples, factors affecting viral loads, and the performance of rapid antigen testing (RAT) have not been comprehensively conducted during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron epidemic. This prospective study included outpatients enrolled during Omicron variant period in Japan. Paired NP swab and saliva samples were collected to measure viral loads by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Decreased PU.1 expression in mature B cells induces lymphomagenesis.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma, accounting for 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although comprehensive analysis of genetic abnormalities has led to the classification of lymphomas, the exact mechanism of lymphomagenesis remains elusive. The Ets family transcription factor, PU.

Risk Factor for Rash in Patients Receiving Cytarabine and Idarubicin Induction Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background/aim: Rash is a common adverse event (AE) observed during cytarabine and idarubicin induction therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous studies have highlighted the challenge in predicting the onset and duration of rash. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the onset of rash in patients receiving induction therapy for AML.

Inorganic sulfides prevent osimertinib-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Despite the widespread recognition of the global concern regarding the onset of cardiovascular diseases in a significant number of patients following cancer treatment, definitive strategies for prevention and treatment remain elusive. In this study, we established systems to evaluate the influence of anti-cancer drugs on the quality control of mitochondria, pivotal for energy metabolism, using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Osimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treatment in lung cancer, reportedly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Treatment selection in the clinical practice of systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from the Kyushu Collagen Disease Network for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (KCDN-SLE) registry.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the treatment selection for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using data from the Kyushu Collagen Disease Network for SLE (KCDN-SLE) registry, a multicentre prospective registry in Japan.

Methods: This study used data from patients registered between August 2022 and November 2023. Clinical characteristics, purpose of agent initiation, other candidate agents, and short-term efficacy and safety were evaluated.

The RNA helicases DDX19A/B modulate selinexor sensitivity by regulating MCL1 mRNA nuclear export in leukemia cells.

Selinexor, a first-in-class exportin1 (XPO1) inhibitor, is an attractive anti-tumor agent because of its unique mechanisms of action; however, its dose-dependent toxicity and lack of biomarkers preclude its wide use in clinical applications. To identify key molecules/pathways regulating selinexor sensitivity, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 dropout screens using two B-ALL lines. We identified, for the first time, that paralogous DDX19A and DDX19B RNA helicases modulate selinexor sensitivity by regulating MCL1 mRNA nuclear export.

Nutritional Status Is Associated With Physical Improvement of Palliative Cancer Patients During Cancer Rehabilitation.

Background/aim: Physical decline is accompanied with malnutrition in advanced cancer patients, thus nutritional care is often provided with cancer rehabilitation. However, a limited number of studies have focused on which nutritional index serves as an important marker to provide more intensive nutritional support for patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed advanced cancer patients who received chemotherapy and rehabilitation during hospitalization.

Procalcitonin elevation in febrile recipients during pre-transplant conditioning with anti-thymocyte globulin.

Infection is a major contributor to non-relapse mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Detecting infectious diseases in febrile patients during pretransplant conditioning is crucial for subsequent transplant success. Procalcitonin (PCT) is an auxiliary diagnostic marker of severe bacterial infections and has been proposed as a useful predictor of infection in patients undergoing allo-HSCT.