Impact of Urinary Tract Infection on Progression of Renal Scars and Formation of New Scars in Patients with Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux.

Introduction: Primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a prevalent cause of end-stage renal failure in children. Scars on radionuclide imaging indicate irreparable damage to the growing kidneys. This study aims to determine whether a urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with primary VUR promotes the development of new renal scars or progression in the pre-existing ones.

Effect of preoperative estrogen on complications after proximal hypospadias repair: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Proximal hypospadias repair has many postoperative complications such as urethrocutaneous fistulae, wound dehiscence, and urethral stricture. The beneficial effect of estrogen to promote wound healing has been known. We designed a study to determine whether preoperative stimulation of tissue with estrogen can reduce the postoperative complications associated with wound healing in patients undergoing hypospadias repair.

Use of Technology to Improve the Adherence to Surgical Safety Checklists in the Operating Room.

Background: Although checklists can improve safety in the operating room (OR), compliance with their use is variable. Use of a forcing function, a principle of human factors engineering, has not been reported earlier as a method of increasing checklist use. The authors conducted this study to determine the feasibility and effects of introducing a forcing function on OR surgical safety checklist implementation and adherence.

Loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India.

Background Despite the sizeable Indian paediatric population, few students have opted for postdoctoral (Magister Chirurgiae [MCh]/Diplomate of the National Board of Examinations [DNB]) courses in the past decade. We analyse the apparent loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India and suggest remedies. Methods We did a combination of an online questionnaire-based survey and several interviews among students, teachers and practitioners of paediatric surgery.

Ectopic pancreas, gastric, duodenal and colonic tissue in a case of persistent umbilical discharge: Report of two patients with review of literature.

One of the typical complaints in the pediatric population is umbilical discharge. Among the congenital causes, remnants of omphalomesenteric duct or patent urachus are often detected. On a few occasions, multiple types of ectopic tissue are present.

Urethral Caruncle with Associated Renoureteric Anomalies.

A urethral caruncle is a rare differential diagnosis for a prolapsed mass at the urethral meatus. The aetiopathogenesis of this entity is unclear. We report a three-year-old female patient who presented to a tertiary care teaching hospital in India in 2019 with intermittent bleeding from the introitus for a month.

Progressive Dilatation as a Successful Treatment for Y Duplication of Urethra: A case report.

Duplication of urethra is a rare congenital anomaly; a Y-shaped urethral duplication is the rarest variant and lacks a standardised treatment plan. We report a nine-year-old male patient with a Y-duplication of urethra diagnosed during neonatal age who presented to a tertiary care teaching hospital in India in 2018. The patient had undergone a vesicostomy on the seventh day of life for passing urine per anus and was lost to follow-up thereafter.

Pediatric primary extra-ovarian Sertoli Leydig cell tumor of the retroperitoneum.

Ovarian Sertoli Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) accounts for less than 0.5% of all ovarian malignancies. The incidence of primary extra-ovarian SLCT is extremely rare with reported cases occurring in young adult women till now.

Congenital Short Bowel Syndrome With Annular Pancreas Presenting as Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction.

Congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS) is a very rare gastrointestinal anomaly of unknown etiology. We report a case of a six-week-old male with CSBS who presented with features of intestinal obstruction and failure to thrive. The abdominal radiograph was suggestive of a central gasless abdomen, and a provisional diagnosis of malrotation of the gut with volvulus was considered.

Awareness of Common Pediatric Surgical Entities among Practicing Indian Pediatricians.

Aim: Common pediatric surgical entities often get a delayed referral to the pediatric surgeon in the average Indian scenario. This study was conducted to assess the awareness about management of select common pediatric surgical entities among practicing pediatricians.

Materials And Methods: An online multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of twenty questions related to the diagnosis and management of common pediatric surgical entities encountered by pediatricians in their routine office practice was prepared, and the electronic link was circulated among the practicing pediatricians of India.

Acute limb ischemia following iatrogenic femoral artery injury during orchiopexy.

Orchiopexy for undescended testis is a standard procedure in pediatric patients. Intraoperative complications during orchiopexy are rare. Major complications reported include injury to vas deferens or testicular vessels, leading to testicular atrophy.

Heteropagus Twins: A Tale of Two.

Parasitic twin is a rare occurrence, with rachispagus being the rarest. The surgical approach and timing are not standardized. We describe the management of two cases of rachispagus and review the sparse literature on this entity.

Intracranial, Extradural, Hemangiopericytoma in a Neonate.

Intracranial infantile hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare, sparsely documented neoplasm with a relatively favorable prognosis than its adult counterpart. We describe a neonatal extradural, intracranial, infantile HPC managed with near-total excision.

The Presence of Pericholedochal Hyaline Cartilage in Biliary Atresia: A Report and A Review.

The presence of cartilage in extra hepatic biliary tree is an unusual finding. An isolated presence of the cartilage is possibly heterotopic or occurs as a metaplastic response to the inflammatory insult. We had examined the liver biopsy and the resected specimen of a biliary atresia (BA) after Kasai procedure.