Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in a Japanese family: evidence for functionally defective enzyme in homozygotes and obligate heterozygotes.

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass and activity were measured in a Japanese family with familial LCAT deficiency. The two LCAT-deficient subjects had LCAT mass approximately 40-46% of normal (2.65 and 2.

Familial plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. A new family with partial LCAT activity.

A 43-year-old woman and her 47-year-old brother were studied because of corneal opacity. They showed a marked decrease in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and a decrease in the ester ratio of plasma total cholesterol. Discoidal particles were found in the HDL2 fraction (d 1.

Amylase-producing lung cancer: case report and review of the literature.

A case of hyperamylasemia with lung cancer is described. Macroamylasemia was excluded by a normal amylase/creatinine clearance ratio and by a sedimentation constant obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Positive immunofluorescent staining of tumor cells with a specific antibody against human salivary amylase and significant amylase activity in the primary tumor and metastases support the hypothesis of independent production of amylase by the lung tumor.

Insulin binding of erythrocytes in hypoinsulinemic diabetics and its relationship to metabolic states.

We studied the insulin binding of erythrocytes from 26 "well-controlled" (FBG less than 120 mg/dl), and 28 "poorly-controlled" (FBG less than 120 mg/dl) non-obese diabetic patients, and 51 age-matched normal subjects. The capacity of insulin receptors was significantly decreased in well controlled (33.7 +/- 2.

Insulin secretory responses in patients with glucose intolerance due to extra-pancreatic causes. Comparison with idiopathic diabetes mellitus.

Insulin responses during 100 g glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were compared between three groups of patients with varying degrees of glucose intolerance. Patients who had no disease known to be associated with secondary diabetes were classified as patients with idiopathic diabetes mellitus. Those whose present and past fasting blood glucose (FBG) exceeded 140 mg/100 ml were assigned to Group A, and the rest of the patients to Group B.

Reduced levels of plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol in diabetic patients.

Anhydroglucitol in human plasma was studied by high pressure liquid chromatography, which was employed to simplify sampling procedures for the polyol assay and to avoid enzymatic treatment of the plasma for removal of glucose. Polyols in the column effluent were assayed by a flow fluorometric method, which involved two continuous successive reactions; periodate oxidation and the Hantzsch reaction. Plasma, 1 ml each, from 55 diabetic and 18 control subjects was deproteinized, concentrated, and subjected to the liquid chromatography.

Reciprocal changes, caused by insulin and glucagon, of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in rats in vitro.

Effects of insulin and glucagon on lipoprotein lipase activity in rat adipose tissue were studied in vitro. Adipose tissue from normal or streptozotocin-diabetic rats was incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 60 min at 38 degrees C in the presence of heparin and lipoprotein lipase released from the tissue into the incubation medium was measured. Diabetic rats showed markedly low activities of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase.

Ascites chylomicron: a poor substrate for hepatic triglyceride lipase.

A patient with nephrotic syndrome and morbus Kimura (eosinophilic granuloma) showed chylous ascites. Ascites chylomicrons were analyzed and used to study the substrate specificity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase. Ascites triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were 191 and 12 mg/dl, respectively.

Effect of a high glucose diet on insulin binding and insulin action in rat adipocytes. A longitudinal study.

To elucidate the mechanisms whereby changes in dietary composition affect the action of insulin on glucose metabolism, insulin binding and glucose uptake and oxidation have been studied in epididymal fat pad adipocytes from rats fed high glucose diets for 5 and 10 days. After 5 days, insulin binding was increased, the mainly to an increased number of receptors (3.4 X 10(5) vs.

Insulin receptor function and insulin effects on glucose metabolism in adipocytes from ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned rats.

To investigate the mechanism of the development of insulin resistance in hypothalamic obesity, we studied insulin binding, glucose transport, and glucose oxidation in adipocytes from ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats 1 and 2 weeks after injury. One week after injury, insulin binding and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation were increased, but insulin-stimulated glucose transport was similar to control. Two weeks after injury, insulin binding and insulin-stimulated glucose transport were similar to control, but insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was decreased.

Effects of neuraminidase treatment on solubilized insulin receptor.

Neuraminidase treatment of triton-solubilized insulin receptors from rat fat cell membranes caused release of sialic acid and changed the isoelectric point (pI) of the insulin receptor from 4.7 to 5.6.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein levels and mineral metabolism after partial and total gastrectomy.

The effects of gastrectomy, especially total gastrectomy, on the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein and on mineral metabolism were examined. The serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were markedly decreased in patients with total gastrectomy and Billroth II gastrectomy. Decreased levels of serum vitamin D-binding protein and serum calcium, and increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were observed in both patients with partial gastrectomy and patients with total gastrectomy.

Isolation and partial characterization of two immunologically similar vitamin D-binding proteins in rat serum.

Two immunologically similar, probably identical, binding proteins for vitamin D and its metabolites (DBP1 and DBP2) were isolated separately from rat serum after approximately 180-fold purification by novel procedures using Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The freshly purified DBP1 and DBP2 each showed a single band of protein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and had alpha-mobility, although DBP1 moved slightly faster than DBP2. DBP1 and DBP2 had the same molecular weight, which was estimated as approximately 54,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Studies of plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in experimental and clinical diabetes mellitus.

Plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity was measured in streptozotocin diabetic rats, in non-diabetic rats during starvation and refeeding, and in diabetic patients and normal subjects. The enzyme activity increased significantly in the diabetic rats and in the starved non-diabetic rats. The activity decreased markedly after insulin injection in diabetic rats and after refeeding in non-diabetic rats.

HLA-DRw3 in juvenile onset diabetes mellitus in Chinese.

Thirty-nine juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (JOD) patients and 57 healthy Chinese were HLA-typed in Taiwan. The incidence of HLA-DRw3 was significantly increased in patients when compared with the control group (R.R.

Increase in insulin response after treatment of overt maturity-onset diabetes is independent of the mode of treatment.

The changes in insulin response to a 100 g glucose tolerance test after treatment by diet, sulphonylurea and insulin were compared in non-ketotic diabetic patients who had fasting blood glucose concentrations higher than 160 mg/100 ml. Patients were selected so that their pre-treatment and post-treatment blood glucose levels were comparable between different treatment groups. Their insulin responses were poor initially but increased significantly when the diabetic state was improved by each treatment.

Solubilization of insulin binding and degrading activity from guinea pig kidneys.

Insulin binding and degrading activities were solubilized by a nonionic detergent. Triton X-100, from guinea pig kidney particulate fractions (100,000 x g pellet). The solubilized insulin binding activity appeared as a single peak on Sepharose 6B gel filtration with a Stokes radius of 73 A.

A selective deficiency of hepatic triacylglycerol lipase in guinea pigs.

The properties of postheparin plasma triacylglycerol-hydrolyzing enzymes were investigated in guinea pig and rat. In rat, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase were separated on a heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. In postheparin plasma of guinea pig, however, hepatic triacylglycerol lipase was almost completely absent, while lipoprotein lipase was present.

The production and characteristics of anti-insulin, anti-A-component and anti-proinsulin antibodies in patients treated with monocomponent or conventional insulin.

Highly purified pork monocomponent insulin produced less anti-insulin antibody than conventional insulins in diabetic patients. The smaller amount of anti-insulin antibody produced by MC insulin bound pork insulin more strongly than beef insulin in both displacement and direct binding studies of 125I-insulin. On the contrary, anti-insulin antibody which was produced by conventional insulins (beef insulin or mixture of pork and beef insulin) bound beef insulin more strongly.

Prevalence of major vascular complications at the initial visit among Japanese diabetic patients.

The frequencies of retinopathy, proteinuria, hypertension, and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 2025 diabetic subjects new to our clinic in Tokyo were analyzed in relation to status at initial visit with respect to age, estimated duration of diabetes, and fasting blood glucose. Frequency and severity of retinopathy increased markedly with duration of diabetes. A relationship was found between retinopathy at first visit and level of blood glucose at that time.