Japan Diabetes Complications Study: Revisiting one of the first large-scale clinical studies in East Asians with diabetes.

This review highlights the significance of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS), one of the earliest large-scale studies of people with type 2 diabetes outside Europe and the United States, in understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus among East Asian populations, particularly in Japan. Historically, large-scale clinical studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus have predominantly focused on Western populations, despite East Asians comprising the largest proportion of diabetic patients globally. The JDCS, which was initiated in 1996, enrolled 2,033 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

First in Japan: Training Curriculum for Perianesthesia Nurses and Their Clinical Practice.

Problem Definition: Japan is dealing with a superageing society found nowhere else in the world. This problem is provoking other complex issues such as aggravation of patients' condition, and a shortage of anesthesiologists leading to overwork.

Strategies To Address The Problem: As a solution, our hospital established the PeriAnesthesia Nurse (PAN) for the first time in Japan.

Analgesic Efficacy of a Combination of Fentanyl and a Japanese Herbal Medicine "" in Rats with Acute Inflammatory Pain.

Fentanyl can induce acute opioid tolerance and postoperative hyperalgesia when administered at a single high dose; thus, this study examined the analgesic efficacy of a combination of fentanyl and (YKS). Rats were divided into control, formalin-injected (FOR), YKS-treated+FOR (YKS), fentanyl-treated+FOR (FEN), and YKS+FEN+FOR (YKS+FEN) groups. Acute pain was induced via subcutaneous injection of formalin into the paw.

Silver in the Center Enhances Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of a Platinum Sub-nanocluster by 18 Times.

There has been controversy surrounding the roles of the metal core (metal-metal interaction) and the shell (metal-ligand interaction) in photoluminescence of ligand-protected metal nanoclusters. We have discovered aggregation-induced room-temperature phosphorescence of a platinum-thiolate complex and its silver ion inclusion complex (a silver-doped platinum sub-nanocluster). The inclusion of silver ion boosted the photoluminescent quantum yield by 18 times.

Association between Low Protein Intake and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between protein intake and mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed a pooled data of 2494 diabetic patients from two prospective longitudinal studies. Nutritional intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline.

Vitamin B6 intake and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of data from the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

Purpose: Although vitamin B6 has been suspected to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy, evidence of this in patients with type 2 diabetes based on longitudinal studies is sparse. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin B6 intake and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study was part of an examination of a nationwide cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol.

Suppressive Effect of Quercetin on Nitric Oxide Production from Nasal Epithelial Cells .

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play pivotal roles as one of the final effector molecules in the development of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis (AR). Although quercetin has been reported to attenuate the clinical conditions of AR, its influence on NO production is not well defined. The present study aimed to examine the influence of quercetin on NO production from nasal epithelial cells after interleukin- (IL-) 4 stimulation.

Yokukansan (Kampo medicinal formula) prevents the development of morphine tolerance by inhibiting the secretion of orexin A.

Background: Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional herbal (Kampo) medicine consisting of seven herbs, is effective in the treatment of pain disorders, such as headache, postherpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and trigeminal neuralgia, and we have previously shown it to be effective against morphine analgesic tolerance in rats. It has been reported that orexin receptor antagonists prevent the development of morphine tolerance and that YKS inhibits the secretion of orexin A in the hypothalamus. This study examined whether the inhibition of the secretion of orexin A by YKS is one mechanism underlying its effect against morphine analgesic tolerance.

Meat intake and incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

Purpose: Excessive meat intake has been researched as a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but data on this topic in Asian patients with diabetes are sparse. The quantity and variety of available meats vary widely between Asian and Western countries. As part of a nationwide cohort study we investigated the relationship between meat intake and incidence of CVD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 6.

Platinum clusters with precise numbers of atoms for preparative-scale catalysis.

Subnanometer noble metal clusters have enormous potential, mainly for catalytic applications. Because a difference of only one atom may cause significant changes in their reactivity, a preparation method with atomic-level precision is essential. Although such a precision with enough scalability has been achieved by gas-phase synthesis, large-scale preparation is still at the frontier, hampering practical applications.

Severe hypoglycaemia is a major predictor of incident diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Hypoglycaemia is a common complication in diabetes patients. However, its relationship with retinopathy has not been well documented in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the associations between hypoglycaemia and the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Association between all-cause mortality and severity of depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes: Analysis from the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

Objective: The aims of this study are to confirm whether the excess mortality caused by depressive symptoms is independent of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate the association between all-cause mortality and degrees of severity of depressive symptoms in Japanese patients with T2DM.

Methods: A total of 1160 Japanese patients with T2DM were eligible for this analysis. Participants were followed prospectively for 3years and their depressive states were evaluated at baseline by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Is the Proportion of Carbohydrate Intake Associated with the Incidence of Diabetes Complications?-An Analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study.

The appropriate proportions of macronutritional intake have been controversial in medical nutritional therapy for diabetes, and evidence of the effects of carbohydrate consumption on diabetes complications in prospective settings is sparse. We investigated the relationships between proportions of carbohydrate intake as the % of total energy and diabetes complications in a nationwide cohort of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%.

Patients with type 2 diabetes having higher glomerular filtration rate showed rapid renal function decline followed by impaired glomerular filtration rate: Japan Diabetes Complications Study.

Aims: The Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS), a nation-wide, multicenter, prospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes, reported that hemoglobin A (HbA), systolic blood pressure, and smoking were risk factors for the onset of macroalbuminuria. This study explored the risk factors for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in the JDCS patients.

Methods: We examined the 1407 JDCS patients (667 women, mean age 59years, 974 normoalbuminuria, 433 microalbuminuria) whose urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were determined at baseline with an 8-year follow-up.

Maximum BMI and microvascular complications in a cohort of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Complications Study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between possible indices of obesity based on information on weight history and the incidence of microvascular complications.

Methods: A cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes from 59 institutes in Japan was followed for 8years. Patients were classified into three categories according to weight at entrance and past maximum weight: normal (BMI at baseline <25kg/m(2) and maximum BMI <25kg/m(2)), past obesity (BMI at baseline <25kg/m(2) and maximum BMI ≥25kg/m(2)), and current obesity (BMI at baseline ≥25kg/m(2)) groups.

Body mass index and mortality among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of the Japan diabetes complications study and the Japanese elderly diabetes intervention trial.

Context: Previous studies on the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in diabetes do not necessarily provide a comprehensive view in terms of the global population because of the exclusion of individuals with a BMI less than 18.5 kg/m(2).

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between BMI and mortality.

Dietary sodium intake and incidence of diabetes complications in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

Context: Many guidelines recommend that patients with type 2 diabetes should reduce their dietary sodium intake. However, the relationship between dietary sodium intake and incidence of diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been explored.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary sodium intake and incidence of diabetes complications.

Dietary intake in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Analysis from Japan Diabetes Complications Study.

Aims/introduction: Though there are many differences in dietary habits and in the metabolic basis between Western and Asian people, the actual dietary intake in Asian patients with diabetes has not been investigated in a nationwide setting, unlike in Western countries. We aimed to clarify dietary intake among Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes, and identify differences in dietary intake between Japanese and Western diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: Nutritional and food intakes were surveyed and analyzed in 1,516 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years from outpatient clinics in 59 university and general hospitals using the food frequency questionnaire based on food groups (FFQg).

Intakes of dietary fiber, vegetables, and fruits and incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Foods rich in fiber, such as vegetables and fruits, prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but such data in patients with diabetes are sparse. We investigated this association in a cohort with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years whose HbA1c values were ≥ 6.5% in Japan Diabetes Society values.

The long-term coronary heart disease risk of previously obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, development of diabetes, and coronary heart disease. There is limited information on the contribution of previous obesity on the risk of coronary heart disease. We aimed to examine the effect of previous history of obesity on the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes.

Cohort profile: The Japan diabetes complications study: a long-term follow-up of a randomised lifestyle intervention study of type 2 diabetes.

The Japan Diabetes Complications Study, a randomised lifestyle intervention study of type 2 diabetes conducted at 59 institutes throughout Japan that enrolled 2033 eligible patients from January 1995 to March 1996, was directed at: (i) determining the incidence and progression rates of complications of diabetes; (ii) exploring clinical risk factors for complications of diabetes; and (iii) determining the association between lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, and complications of diabetes, in addition to comparing, in a randomised manner, the effects on type 2 diabetes of an extensive lifestyle intervention and conventional treatment. The protocol for the study originally specified four study populations according to primary outcomes, consisting of: (1) a macroangiopathy group (N = 1771); (ii) a nephropathy group (N = 1607); (iii) a retinopathy-incident group (N = 1221); and (iv) a retinopathy-progression group (N = 410). The primary outcomes were: (i) development of retinopathy; (ii) progression of retinopathy; (iii) development of overt nephropathy; and (iv) occurrence of macroangiopathic events including proven coronary heart disease and stroke.

Diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria can predict macroalbuminuria and renal function decline in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients: Japan Diabetes Complications Study.

Objective: To examine the interactive relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients and to elucidate the role of DR and microalbuminuria on the onset of macroalbuminuria and renal function decline.

Research Design And Methods: We explored the effects of DR and microalbuminuria on the progression of DN from normoalbuminuria and low microalbuminuria (<150 mg/gCr) to macroalbuminuria or renal function decline in the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS), which is a nationwide randomized controlled study of type 2 diabetic patients focusing on lifestyle modification. Patients were divided into four groups according to presence or absence of DR and MA: normoalbuminuria without DR [NA(DR-)] (n = 773), normoalbuminuria with DR [NA(DR+)] (n = 279), microalbuminuria without DR [MA(DR-)] (n = 277), and microalbuminuria with DR [MA(DR+)] (n = 146).

Leisure-time physical activity is a significant predictor of stroke and total mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis from the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to clarify the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and cardiovascular events and total mortality in a nationwide cohort of Japanese diabetic patients.

Methods: Eligible patients (1,702) with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 58.5 years; 47% women) from 59 institutes were followed for a median of 8.

Predicting macro- and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Complications Study/the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial risk engine.

Objective: To develop and validate a risk engine that calculates the risks of macro- and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed pooled data from two clinical trials on 1,748 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without diabetes complications other than mild diabetic retinopathy with a median follow-up of 7.2 years.