Evolucollateral dynamics in stroke: Evolutionary pathophysiology, remodelling and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) are crucial in mitigating the impact of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by providing alternate blood flow routes when primary arteries are obstructed. This article explores the evolutionary pathophysiology of LMCs, highlighting their critical function in stroke and the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing their development and remodelling. We address the translational challenges of applying animal model findings to human clinical scenarios, emphasizing the need for further research to validate emerging therapies-such as pharmacological agents, gene therapy and mechanical interventions-in clinical settings, aimed at enhancing collateral perfusion.

Prognostic accuracy and impact of cerebral collateral status on clinical and safety outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving reperfusion therapy: a systematic meta-analysis.

Background: Cerebral collateral status has a potential role in mediating postreperfusion clinical and safety outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic accuracy and impact of collateral status on clinical and safety outcomes in patients with AIS receiving reperfusion therapy.

Material And Methods: Studies with AIS patients treated with reperfusion therapy, collateral status assessed using Tan, ASITN/SIR, or similar collateral grading methods and data stratified according to collateral status were included.

Stroke Aetiology and Collateral Status in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Reperfusion Therapy-A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The interplay between collateral status and stroke aetiology may be crucial in the evaluation and management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our understanding of this relationship and its level of association remains sub-optimal. This study sought to examine the association of pre-intervention collateral status with stroke aetiology, specifically large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardio-embolism (CE), in AIS patients receiving reperfusion therapy, by performing a meta-analysis.

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19-Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper.

Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The phenomenon has been implicated in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients experiencing cytokine storm are believed to have a worse prognosis and increased fatality rate.

Primary orbital chronic granulomatous reaction to deep staphylococcal infection due to trauma in immunocompetent.

A 53-year-old man presented with a slow-growing mass in the right orbit and temporal area of 1 year duration following a road traffic accident. Examination revealed a nodular fungating mass involving the orbit, right temporal area with multiple discharging sinuses causing proptosis and restricted ocular motility. The patient denied light perception in the right eye.