Clinical Data for Parametrization of Bone Models Incorporating Cell-Cytokine Dynamics: A Systematic Review of Literature.

simulations aim to provide fast, inexpensive, and ethical alternatives to years of costly experimentation on animals and humans for studying bone remodeling, its deregulation during osteoporosis and the effect of therapeutics. Within the varied spectrum of modeling techniques, bone cell population dynamics and agent-based multiphysics simulations have recently emerged as useful tools to simulate the effect of specific signaling pathways. In these models, parameters for cell and cytokine behavior are set based on experimental values found in literature; however, their use is currently limited by the lack of clinical data on cell numbers and their behavior as well as cytokine concentrations, diffusion, decay and reaction rates.