RCAN1.4 regulates tumor cell engraftment and invasion in a thyroid cancer to lung metastasis-on-a-chip microphysiological system.

Progressive metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. It has been recognized that many cancers are characterized by long periods of stability followed by subsequent progression. Genes termed metastasis progression suppressors (MPS) are functional gatekeepers of this process, and their loss leads to late-stage progression.

Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Invasive Lobular Cancer.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10% to 15% of breast cancers in the United States, 80% of which are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, with an unusual metastatic pattern of spread to sites such as the serosa, meninges, and ovaries, among others. Lobular cancer presents significant challenges in detection and clinical management given its multifocality and multicentricity at presentation. Despite the unique features of ILC, it is often lumped with hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal cancers (IDC); consequently, ILC screening, treatment, and follow-up strategies are largely based on data from IDC.

A Bias in the Reading of the Genetic Code of is a Characteristic for Genes that Specify Stress-induced MazF-mediated Proteins.

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) mazEF, a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, has been studied extensively. The MazF toxin is an endoribonuclease that cleaves RNAs at ACA sites.

Stress-Induced MazF-Mediated Proteins in Escherichia coli.

is an extensively studied stress-induced toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. The toxin MazF is an endoribonuclease that cleaves RNAs at ACA sites. By that means, under stress, the induced MazF generates a stress-induced translation machinery (STM) composed of MazF-processed mRNAs and selective ribosomes that specifically translate the processed mRNAs.

Quorum Sensing Extracellular Death Peptides Enhance the Endoribonucleolytic Activities of MazF Toxins.

is a toxin-antitoxin module located on chromosomes of most bacteria. MazF toxins are endoribonucleases antagonized by MazE antitoxins. Previously, we characterized several quorum sensing peptides called "xtracellular eath actors" (EDFs).

Cytogenomics of hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) exposed cells: a comprehensive review.

The altered cellular gene expression profile is being hypothesized as the possible molecular basis navigating the onset or progress of various morbidities. This hypothesis has been evaluated here in respect of Cr 6+ induced toxicity. Several studies using gene microarray show selective and strategic dysregulations of cellular genes and pathways induced by Cr 6+.

Diethyl maleate inhibits MCA+TPA transformed cell growth via modulation of GSH, MAPK, and cancer pathways.

Murine or human cancer cells have high glutathione levels. Depletion of the elevated GSH inhibits proliferation of cancer cells. Molecular basis for this observation is little understood.

Lipoic acid prevents Cr(6+) induced cell transformation and the associated genomic dysregulation.

Investigation of the transcription profile of cells transformed by Cr(6+) in vivo was undertaken. The objective was to elucidate genomic changes underlying the mechanism of action of the carcinogenic dose of Cr(6+)and their prevention using metabolic antioxidant lipoic acid (LA). Cr(6+) was administered intraperitoneally to LPS+TPA challenged Swiss albino mice in host mediated cell transformation assay using peritoneal macrophages in vivo.

Dysregulation of pathways involved in the processing of cancer and microenvironment information in MCA + TPA transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells.

The two-stage cell transformation assay is an in vitro model cell culture system to identify the ability of chemicals to act as initiators or promoters of cell transformation and also to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemically induced morphological and neoplastic cell transformation. The global gene expression profiles of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) + 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells are not known. Therefore, we have investigated the global transcriptional profile of MCA + TPA-transformed C3H10T1/2 cells using an 8 × 60 k probe microarray.

Cytoprotection against Cr(6+)-induced DNA damage by alpha-lipoic acid: implications in reducing occupational cancer risk.

Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), the metabolic antioxidant, was evaluated for its potential to protect against Cr(6+)-induced DNA damage. Potassium dichromate was administered to Swiss albino mice orally ad libitum at the doses of 5, 10 or 25 mg/kg body weight in drinking water to set DNA damage in cells, which was characterized in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow cells using single-cell gel electrophoresis and analyses of generated comets for Tail moment, Tail DNA and Tail length. DNA damage was dose dependent.