Successful coil embolization of a large right coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula causing a significant left-to-right shunt: a case report.

Background: This case reviews a challenging but successful transcatheter coil embolization of a large congenital coronary artery fistula (CAF) causing a significant left-to-right shunt.

Case Summary: A 51-year-old female with no significant prior history presented with symptoms of dyspnoea and chest discomfort. Extensive evaluation revealed a large CAF between a tortuous right coronary artery (RCA) and the coronary sinus (CS) composed of three aneurysmal pseudochambers.

Cardiovascular Implications of COVID-19 Infections.

Since early 2020, the world has been facing a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although this positive single-stranded RNA virus primarily causes pulmonary infection and failure, it has been associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases including troponin elevation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac patients are susceptible to developing more severe infection from SARS-COV-2, making management complicated.

Transcatheter closure of a sinus venosus atrial septal defect using 3D printing and image fusion guidance.

A 63-year-old man with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and coagulopathy was diagnosed with a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) of the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV). Transcatheter repair by positioning a stent graft in the superior vena cava was planned. Based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of gated cardiac CTA, a 28 mm × 7 cm Endurant II aortic extension stent graft (Medtronic, MN) was chosen.

Rapid Left Ventricular Recovery After Correction of a Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: Understanding the Hemodynamics.

Closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) may lead to a change in the function of both ventricles. Although right ventricular function typically improves, the left ventricle (LV) may behave in different ways. This has been a matter of much debate, with some authors reporting a decline in LV function after ASD closure and others reporting delayed improvement or no identifiable change.

Imaging adult patients with coarctation of the aorta.

Purpose Of Review: To provide an overview of current recommendations and techniques used to image coarctations of the aorta.

Recent Findings: Imaging of coarctation of the aorta in adults is moving away from conventional techniques such as echocardiography and invasive angiography. Echocardiography may assist in making the diagnosis but is limited in its ability to quantify the severity of coarctations.

Adult congenital heart disease: magnitude of the problem.

Purpose Of Review: To define the magnitude of problems faced by patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) and to identify unmet needs for this population.

Recent Findings: The ACHD population is estimated to include more than 1 million people in the United States and continues to grow at a steady rate. Owing to the decline in early mortality in this group, modern medicine is now faced by the long-term complications associated with congenital heart disease such as chronic heart failure, increased endocarditis risk, elevated burden of arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, valvular dysfunction, and pregnancy.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a novel ABCC8 gene mutation mimicking an organic acidemia.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus and organic acidemias, may present with similar features like hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis and failure to thrive. A four-mo-old girl presented with diabetic ketoacidosis following a febrile respiratory illness during which high anion gap metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia were detected. She also had hyperammonemia, which led to diagnostic uncertainty.

Association of CYP2C9 polymorphisms with phenytoin toxicity in Indian patients.

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 can lead to wide inter-individual variations in drug metabolism. Decreased metabolism leads to higher plasma levels, causing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Polymorphic alleles CYP2C9 FNx01 2 and CYP2C9 FNx01 3 occur in the Indian population and this may serve as the basis for using genotyping as a tool to predict phenytoin toxicity.