Characteristics of bacteremia, associated risk factors and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at a university hospital: a descriptive, retrospective study.

Introduction: species are emerging bacteria capable of causing nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients or patients with indwelling medical devices.

Hypothesis/ Gap Statement: Information about the incidence of bacteremia from worldwide literature is limited.

Aim: We aimed to recognize the clinical characteristics, frequency of distribution of different species isolates, and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile from bloodstream infections.

Clinical presentations and microbiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid samples in cases of suspected bacterial meningitis patients attending a 1600 bedded teaching hospital from 2019 to 2022: A retrospective study.

Background: Meningitis can be attributed to bacterial, fungal, or viral agents. In this study, we demonstrate the common bacterial agents causing meningitis along with their antibiotics susceptibility pattern in patients of all age groups.

Material And Methods: This retrospective, observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from November 2019 to May 2022.

Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of the biliary samples and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at a teaching hospital in Northern India.

Introduction: Bile is deemed a sterile fluid, with the presence of clinical conditions like cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, previous biliary interventions, biliary strictures, and so on, leading to bile stasis, and increases the chances of bacteriobilia. In this study, we recognize the bacterial spectrum of microorganisms isolated from bile samples, diagnostic parameters, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out by compiling data from the hospital information system of a tertiary care center from 2021 to 2022 to evaluate biliary infections in patients who underwent surgical procedures related to the biliary tract and associated organs.

One year experience of bacteremia at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

Introduction: is a Gram-negative, motile, obligate aerobic and non-fermentative bacterium. It is an emerging pathogen in the hospital environment as it is frequently found in various solutions.

Hypothesis/gap Statement: Information about the incidence and risk factors of bacteremia from India is limited.

Investigating anti-inflammatory and apoptotic actions of fucoidan concentrating on computational and therapeutic applications.

Fucoidan is linked to a variety of biological processes. Differences in algae species, extraction, seasons, and locations generate structural variability in fucoidan, affecting its bioactivities. Nothing is known about fucoidan from the brown alga , its anti-inflammatory properties, or its inherent mechanism.

Investigating anti-inflammatory actions of marine algal compound against lipoxygenase concentrating on therapeutic applications through computational approach.

Inflammation is the preliminary response given to any possible harmful stimuli including infections, injury or stress by immune system where neutrophils and macrophages gets activated and produces mediators, such as nitric oxide and cytokines that serves as biomarkers of inflammation. Lipoxygenases are enzymes that peroxidises lipids and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases including inflammatory diseases. These are oxidative enzymes comprising a non-heme iron atom in active site and are convoluted in inflammatory reactions.

In-vitro Activity of Isepamicin against Gram-negative Bacteria in Comparison to Other Aminoglycosides Routinely used at a Teaching Hospital in Northern India.

 Isepamicin is a 1-N-S-a-hydroxy-b-aminopropionyl derivative of gentamicin B and the spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms covered by it and its effectiveness is similar to that of amikacin except the action of aminoglycoside inhibitor enzymes is ineffectual on it.  We performed a prospective study in the Bacteriology section of the Department of Microbiology at a 1,600-bedded hospital in Northern India from Jan 2022 to March 2022. Isepamicin was tested for susceptibility against gram-negative bacteria, identified by routine biochemicals and matrix-assisted-desorption/ionization -time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) assay.

Multifactorial Analysis of Biliary Infection in Patients with Hepato-pancreatico-biliary and Associated Intraabdominal Malignancies Admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Northern India.

Background: Blockage of the biliary tract is commonly caused by malignant tumors leading to deranged liver function, responsible for poor prognosis and a high rate of leading to mortality.

Material And Methods: We collected retrospective data from the hospital information system and laboratory registers in our department from 2021 to 2022 to evaluate biliary infections in patients with hepato-pancreatico-biliary and associated intraabdominal malignancies.

Result: A total of 118 (118/234, 50.

Respiratory bacterial co-infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care centre in India.

Introduction: Patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are prone to develop respiratory bacterial infections irrespective of their need for mechanical ventilatory support.

Hypothesis/gap Statement: Information about the incidence of concomitant respiratory bacterial infections in COVID- 19 patients from India is limited.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence of concomitant respiratory bacterial pathogens and their drug resistance in these patients.

Bacteriological profiles and antibiotic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis in a university hospital of Northern India.

Context: Knowledge of epidemiology of bacterial isolates and their anti-biograms in hospital settings is necessary for prompt empirical anti-microbial therapy of neonatal sepsis.

Aims: To study risk factors, bacteriological profiles, and anti-biograms of blood culture isolates of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis.

Settings And Design: It is a prospective observational study conducted from January 2020 till July 2021 at our tertiary care center.

Outbreak of colistin resistant, carbapenemase ( , ) producing causing blood stream infection among neonates at a tertiary care hospital in India.

Infections caused by multi-drug resistant are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. In neonatal intensive care units (NICU), blood stream infections by are one of the most common nosocomial infections leading to poor clinical outcomes and prolonged hospital stays. Here, we describe an outbreak of multi-drug resistant among neonates admitted at the NICU of a large tertiary care hospital in India.

Bacterial Meningitis among Intracranial Surgery Patients at a University Hospital in Northern India.

Background: Cerebrospinal infections are the cause of poor prognosis among post-neurosurgery patients owing to delay in improvement of neurological functions, leading to increased length of hospital stay, proceeding to disability or death.

Methods And Materials: This retrospective observational study was performed at a tertiary care center in Northern India, where all patients with bacterial cerebrospinal infections from July 2019 to July 2022 were evaluated for post-neurosurgery cerebrospinal shunt infections, and all demographic data and risk factors were extracted from the hospital information system (HIS).

Results: The study includes 150 (150/1986, 7.

Characteristics of Bacterial Colonization and Urinary Tract Infection after Indwelling of Double-J ureteral Stent and Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube.

Introduction: Infections associated with catheter in the upper urinary tract (CUUT), which include the double-J stent and the percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube, get particularly infected in patients with specific risk factors for developing an infection.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out by compiling data from the hospital information system of a tertiary care center from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate infections in patients with catheter in the upper urinary tract.

Result: A total of 200 pus samples of double-J stent (96 pus samples) and PCN tube (104 pus samples) were included in our study.

Comparative Evaluation of Chitosan Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Plaque Control: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of a new mouth wash formulation consisting of chlorhexidine and chitosan on dental plaque and its reduction to that of chlorhexidine or chitosan alone.

Materials And Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial with a parallel group design of 3 months duration. Patients (20-40 years) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned equally to group 1: chlorhexidine (0.

A MYST family histone acetyltransferase, MoSAS3, is required for development and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus.

Histone acetylation has been established as a principal epigenetic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. Sas3, a histone acetyltransferase belonging to the largest family of acetyltransferase, MYST, is the catalytic subunit of a conserved histone acetyltransferase complex. To date, the functions of Sas3 and its orthologues have been extensively studied in yeast, humans and flies in relation to global acetylation and transcriptional regulation.

Genomic Insights into Nematicidal Activity of a Bacterial Endophyte, MG against Pine Wilt Nematode.

Pine wilt disease, caused by the nematode , is one of the most devastating conifer diseases decimating several species of pine trees on a global scale. Here, we report the draft genome of MG, which is isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng plant as an bacterial endophyte and shows nematicidal activity against . Our analysis of MG genome showed that it possesses many genes encoding potential nematicidal factors in addition to some secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that may contribute to the observed nematicidal activity of the strain.

, Encoding a Histone Demethylase Containing JmjC Domain, Is Required for Pathogenic Development of the Rice Blast Fungus, .

Histone methylation plays important roles in regulating chromatin dynamics and transcription in eukaryotes. Implication of histone modifications in fungal pathogenesis is, however, beginning to emerge. Here, we report identification and functional analysis of a putative JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase in .

Epigenetic regulation of development and pathogenesis in fungal plant pathogens.

Evidently, epigenetics is at forefront in explaining the mechanisms underlying the success of human pathogens and in the identification of pathogen-induced modifications within host plants. However, there is a lack of studies highlighting the role of epigenetics in the modulation of the growth and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. In this review, we attempt to highlight and discuss the role of epigenetics in the regulation of the growth and pathogenicity of fungal phytopathogens using Magnaporthe oryzae, a devastating fungal plant pathogen, as a model system.

Experimental evolution in biofilm populations.

Biofilms are a major form of microbial life in which cells form dense surface associated communities that can persist for many generations. The long-life of biofilm communities means that they can be strongly shaped by evolutionary processes. Here, we review the experimental study of evolution in biofilm communities.

Frequency-based haplotype reconstruction from deep sequencing data of bacterial populations.

Clonal populations accumulate mutations over time, resulting in different haplotypes. Deep sequencing of such a population in principle provides information to reconstruct these haplotypes and the frequency at which the haplotypes occur. However, this reconstruction is technically not trivial, especially not in clonal systems with a relatively low mutation frequency.

Evaluation of the toxicity of 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole-based biofilm inhibitors against eukaryotic cell lines, bone cells and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Previously, we have synthesized several series of compounds based on the 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole scaffold, which showed a preventive activity against microbial biofilms. We here studied the cytotoxicity of the most active compounds of each series. First, the cytostatic activity was investigated against a number of tumor cell lines (L1210, CEM and HeLa).

Individual differences in hemispheric preference and emotion regulation difficulties.

Background: Hemisphericity or individual difference in the preference to use the left or the right hemispheric mode of information processing has been associated with various emotion-related differences. For example, the right hemisphericity has been linked with inhibition of emotional expression, feeling of tension, greater impulsivity etc. These observations suggest that right hemisphericity may be associated with greater difficulties in regulating emotions.