Mechanism of increased susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with familial polyposis coli.

About 50% of the strains of cultured fibroblasts from patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) exhibited increased susceptibility to cytotoxicity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) compared with cells from normal individuals. The FPC cells that showed hyper-sensitivity to 4NQO were also hyper-sensitive to mitomycin C (MMC), but susceptibilities of these cells to UV radiation, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were within the normal range. The extent of single-strand scission of DNA in the 4NQO-sensitive FPC cells was greater than in normal cells, and the amount of [14C]4NQO bound to DNA in the FPC cells was twice as high as in normal cells.

Susceptibility of skin fibroblasts from patients with retinoblastoma to transformation by murine sarcoma virus.

Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with retinoblastoma (RB) of different etiology have been studied for their susceptibility to transformation by murine sarcoma virus. The cells from patients with a deletion in chromosome 13 (13q-) and those from sporadic unilateral cases due to somatic mutation were as sensitive as normal cells. However, the cells from familial cases showed an extremely high sensitivity to transformation.

A clinical study of the results of cementless total hip replacement.

We introduce our total hip prosthesis, its operation technique, and report the clinical results. Ours does not use bone-cement, but its design, together with the use of original bone and new bone formation surrounding it, results in a biological anchoring. Since 1978, we developed for this new type of total hip prosthesis 6 sizes of stem to fit more rigidly within the intramedullary canal of femur.

UDP-N-methyl-D-glucosamine-phosphate--a possible intermediate of N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety of streptomycin.

The formation of N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety of streptomycin from D-glucosamine by Streptomyces griseus was studied. The addition of thymine to the culture medium stimulated the formation of streptomycin and the incorporation of D-glucosamine into N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety. During a study of sugar nucleotides in the mycelia, a novel UDP-amino sugar was isolated.

Morphologic transformation and chromosomal changes induced by chemical carcinogens in skin fibroblasts from patients with familial adenomatosis coli.

Skin fibroblasts from patients with familial adenomatosis coli (AC) and normal individuals were treated once with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and then passaged sequentially. Morphologically altered cells appeared in the cultures of carcinogen-treated AC fibroblasts at passages 6-8 (days 100-140) after treatment with the carcinogens, but carcinogen-treated normal cells and untreated AC and normal cells did not become altered even after cultivation for 25 passages. The cultures containing morphologically altered cells showed characteristics of transformed cells, such as a high frequency of colony formation in soft agarose, increased growth ability, and chromosomal abnormalities.

A cementless system of total hip prosthesis. Experimental studies on total hip prosthesis in dogs.

It is essential that the prosthetic material should not be harmful to the human body, it should be strictly fitted to the body and it should have sufficient durability. To investigate those conditions of an artificial joints as mentioned above, it is important to have experimental studies using a model of the artificial joint in animals instead of a simulator. The authors have developed their own total hip prosthesis for a dog since 1970.

The direct fixation system of total hip prosthesis. Research of the possibilities of fixing total hip prosthesis directly to bone.

There are two methods for the fixation of prostheses to bone; one is a method using bone cement and another is the direct fixation of the prostheses to bone. Four types of animal experiments were performed to compare the two methods of fixation. A small pyramid shaped test piece was used to compare the fixation capacity of the socket spike.

[Ultrasound irradiation effects on pre-implantation embryos (author's transl)].

To elucidate ultrasound irradiation effect on pre-implantation embryos, its mechanism and safety levels of ultrasound intensity, I had performed ultrasound irradiation and thermal experiments on pre-implantation embryos. The pre-implantation embryos, whose stages were late morula on early blastocyst, were located in the centre of ultrasound beam certainly by using closed microdroplet culture. Experiments were done under various conditions of ultrasound intensity, irradiation time and temperature of circumference.

Increased sensitivity of fibroblasts of skin from patients with adenomatosis coli and Peutz-Jegher's syndrome to transformation by murine sarcoma virus.

Skin fibroblasts from family members of cases of adenomatosis coli (AC) and Peutz-Jegher's syndrome (PJ) were examined for susceptibility to morphological transformation by Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) of rate 78AI cells, which was found in the present study to contain both dualtropic and ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV). The fibroblasts from individuals with manifest AC (22 subjects) and manifest PJ (5 subjects) were up to 5 times more susceptible to transformation by rat 78AI-MSV(MLV) than those from normal individuals (7 subjects). Nonmanifest members of AC families (8 subjects) showed various sensitivities: the fibroblasts from 3 family members had a sensitivity as low as that of normal cells, and those of 5 individuals exhibited increased sensitivity similar to that of manifest cases of AC.

Metabolism of sialic acid in regenerating rat liver.

In regenerating rat liver slices 24 h after partial hepatectomy, the incorporation of [1-14C]glucosamine into 'free sialic acid' (N-acetylneuraminic acid + CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid) decreased to below 50% of the control values and the incorporation into protein-bound sialic acid decreased to the same extent. The incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into 'free sialic acid' decreased during the period from 6 to 47 h after hepatectomy, showing a minimum at 12 h, and recovered to the control value by 96 h. At 12 h, the activities of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (UDP-2-acetoamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-epimerase, EC 5.

Mutagenicity of metal cations in cultured cells from Chinese hamster.

The mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase) locus in Chinese hamster V79 cells induced by metal cations were examined by the development of resistance to 8-azaguanine (8AG). The spontaneous frequency of 8AG resistance was 5.8 per 10(6) cells, and the frequency was enhanced to 2-6 times that of the control by treatment of cells with the chlorides of beryllium and manganese.

Ultrasound characteristics of abdominal abscesses involving foreign bodies (gauze).

Three cases of abdominal abscesses involving gauze were studied by B-mode ultrasound. Thick irregular boundary echoes and irregular internal echoes of high amplitude were most characteristic. The ultrasound tomograms are presented, and their characteristics are discussed.

Hexokinase of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: presence of a glucokinase.

1. Angiostrongylus cantonensis contains a glucokinase which was isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. 2.

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in regenerating rat liver.

The assay condition for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities in rat liver microsomal fraction was developed. The enzyme activities towards endogenous acceptors within 48 h after partial hepatectomy were lower than in controls, exceeding the control level by 96 h, and then higher than in controls up to 240 h after the operation. The changes in N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities towards exogenous acceptor (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose: glycoprotein 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.

Formation of N-carbamyl putrescine from citrulline in Escherichia coli.

Decarboxylation of citrulline by Escherichia coli enzymes was presented. The N-carbamyl putrescine produced showed the same properties as those of synthesized authentic samples in column chromatography, paper chromatography, and paper electrophoresis.

Biosynthesis of N-methyl-L-glucosamine from D-glucose by Streptomyces griseus.

Biosynthesis of N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety of streptomycin from D-glucose by Streptomyces griseus was studied. A mixture of D-[1-(14) C] glucose and D-[6(-3)H]glucose was given to the culture of S. griseus.