Residual gait deviations in children treated by medial open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip at long-term follow-up: a comparison with healthy controls.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze and compare gait patterns and deviations at long-term follow-up in children who received medial open reduction (MOR) before 18 months for unilateral or bilateral hip developmental dysplasia (DDH).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on children who underwent MOR. The study population was divided into two groups: the unilateral group, including unilateral (five children with unilateral) and bilateral (five children with bilateral DDH).

Functional Bandaging in Children with Idiopathic Toe-Walking.

Background: Idiopathic toe-walking (ITW) is a persistent gait pattern with no known etiology characterized as premature heel rise or no heel contact. We investigated the effects of functional bandaging in children with ITW on heel contact during stance phase and on gait quality.

Methods: Nineteen children aged 4 to 16 years with ITW and ten age-matched healthy children were included in the study.

Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach, Indications, and Technical Pitfalls.

Posterior tentorial incisura not infrequently requires to be exposed for tumors of pineal gland, pulvinar, midbrain and cerebellum, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations. Residing almost at the center of the brain, this area is almost equal distance to any point on the calvarium behind coronal sutures enabling alternative routes to encounter. Compared to supratentorial routes either subtemporal or suboccipital approach, infratentorial supracerebellar route has several advantages as providing shortest, most direct approach to the lesions of this area without encountering any important arteries and veins.

Does Increased Femoral Anteversion Can Cause Hip Abductor Muscle Weakness?

Background: Increased femoral anteversion (IFA) causes functional problems (i.e., tripping, frequently falling, and fatigue) by affecting the pelvis and lower extremity biomechanics.

Prognostic value of Ki-67 index in primary intracranial tumors of infants.

Objective: Primary intracranial tumors are rare tumors in infants. They differ from those found in other pediatric age groups in terms of clinical presentation, histopathological diagnosis, adjuvant therapies, and outcome. Ki-67 index has also shown promising results as a prognostic factor in different types of intracranial tumors in children and adults.

Does Gross Total Resection Improve Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Pediatric Intracranial Ependymomas? Single-Center Clinical Experience Of 61 Cases.

Objective: To share our clinical experience of 25 years and identify prognostic factors for progression-free and overall survival in pediatric intracranial ependymomas.

Methods: In total, 61 children who were treated between 1995 and 2020 in a single institution were included in the study. Medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed to obtain and analyze the following data: patient age at first surgery, sex, presenting symptoms, hydrocephalus and any invasive treatment, anatomic site, extent of resection, pathologic grade, time to progression, and time to death.

Preoperative and postoperative high angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography of cerebellar pathways in posterior fossa tumors.

This study aimed to utilize high angular resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (HARDI) tractography in the mapping of the pathways of the cerebellum associated with posterior fossa tumors (infratentorial neoplasms) and to determine whether it is useful for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Retrospective data from 30 patients (age 2-16 yr) with posterior fossa tumor (17 low grade, 13 high grade) and 30 age-sex-matched healthy controls were used. Structural and diffusion-weighted images were collected at a 3-tesla scanner.

Pediatric brain tumors: a bibliometric analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify tendency and current issues in research on pediatric brain tumors over the past 20 years and to help researchers and investors explore new directions for future research in this subject.

Methods: Web of Science Core Collection was used for article selection and CiteSpace 5.8.

Lesional resective epilepsy surgery in childhood: Comparison of two decades and long-term seizure outcome from a single center.

Objective: Epilepsy surgery has shown efficacy in children. We aimed to assess long-term seizure outcome in children who underwent epilepsy surgery and determine predictive factors for seizure freedom.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 196 children who underwent epilepsy surgery between 1994 and 2015 and had a minimum postoperative follow-up of 5 years.

The Endoscopic Trans-Sinusoidal Trans-Pterygopalatine Route to the Foramen Rotundum Approach in Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment.

Aim: To describe a new, minimally invasive, and safe access to foramen rotundum via the endoscopic endonasal trans-sinusoidal route for trigeminal nerve blockage.

Material And Methods: We studied 5 fresh cadavers bilaterally, and 10 pterygopalatine fossae and maxillary nerves using the endoscopic endonasal trans-sinusoidal trans-pterygopalatine approach.

Results: The proposed approach enabled the maxillary nerve to be visualized after revealing the foramen rotundum with the help of some craniometric measurements.

Determining the relationship between the impairment of selective voluntary motor control and gait deviations in children with cerebral palsy using simple video-based analyses.

Background: The impairment of selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has been shown to correlate with their gait characteristics using complex 3D gait analysis systems (3DGA); however, this relationship has not been investigated using simple video-based observational gait analysis (VBOGA). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between VBOGA and SVMC of the lower extremities in children with CP.

Methods: Forty-two CP children 10.

The Relationship of One Leg Standing Duration to GMFM Scores and to Stance Phase of Walking in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Lack of stability during stance negatively impacts gait and motor function for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Improving stability and balance are the focus for gait rehabilitation). The One-Leg-Standing-Test may give valuable information about motor function and stability of stance for patients with unilateral cerebral palsy.

International consensus classification of hippocampal sclerosis and etiologic diversity in children with temporal lobectomy.

Introduction: The distribution of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) subtypes, according to the classification of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), has been reported mainly in adult patients. We aimed to review the pathological findings in children who had anterior temporal lobectomy accompanied with amygdalohippocampectomy, in view of the current classification, and evaluate postsurgical outcome with respect to HS subtypes in childhood.

Methods: Seventy children who underwent temporal resections for treatment of medically refractory epilepsy, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, were included; the surgical hippocampus specimens were re-evaluated under the HS ILAE classification.

Long-term effects of vagus nerve stimulation in refractory pediatric epilepsy: A single-center experience.

Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used as an adjunctive therapy for both children and adults with refractory epilepsy, over the last two decades. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term effects and tolerability of VNS in the pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and to identify the predictive factors for responsiveness to VNS.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients who underwent VNS implantation between 1997 and 2018.

The effect of pentoxifylline on cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objects: Cerebral vasospasm is an important event that occurs following subarachnoid hemorage which has significant mortality and morbidity. The goal in this study was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on vasospasm in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model.

Methods: In this study, 20 male New Zeland White rabbits weighing 3000-3500 g were assigned randomly to four groups.

Intraoperative testing of passive and active state mechanics of spastic semitendinosus in conditions involving intermuscular mechanical interactions and gait relevant joint positions.

In cerebral palsy (CP) patients suffering pathological knee joint motion, spastic muscle's passive state forces have not been quantified intraoperatively. Besides, assessment of spastic muscle's active state forces in conditions involving intermuscular mechanical interactions and gait relevant joint positions is lacking. Therefore, the source of flexor forces limiting joint motion remains unclear.

Intraoperative experiments combined with gait analyses indicate that active state rather than passive dominates the spastic gracilis muscle's joint movement limiting effect in cerebral palsy.

Background: In cerebral palsy, spastic muscle's passive forces are considered to be high but have not been assessed directly. Although activated spastic muscle's force-joint angle relations were studied, this was independent of gait relevant joint positions. The aim was to test the following hypotheses intraoperatively: (i) spastic gracilis passive forces are high even in flexed knee positions, (ii) its active state forces attain high amplitudes within the gait relevant knee angle range, and (iii) increase with added activations of other muscles.

Gait Analysis of Patients Subjected to the Atrophic Mandible Augmentation with Iliac Bone Graft.

In this study, we aimed to quantitatively monitor and describe the gait functions of patients, who underwent iliac crest bone grafting in atrophic jaw augmentation operation, by taking into account the alterations of gait parameters and muscle forces in the early recovery course. To do so, temporospatial and kinematic gait parameters of ten patients during pre- and postoperative periods were recorded, and forces of the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and iliacus muscles were calculated. Three postoperative periods were specified as one week (post-op1), two weeks (post-op2), and three weeks (post-op3) after the surgery.

Does clinically measured ankle plantar flexor muscle strength or weakness correlate with walking performance in healthy individuals?

Objective: Muscle strength is usually measured using isometric hand-held dynamometers (HHDs) in the clinic. However, during functional activities, the muscle acts more dynamically. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between clinically measured plantar flexor (PF) muscle strength (PFMS) and laboratory measurements of peak ankle plantar flexion power generation (APFPG), peak ankle moment (PAM), peak plantar flexion velocity (PFV) and mean gait velocity in healthy participants.

Weakening iliopsoas muscle in healthy adults may induce stiff knee pattern.

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between iliopsoas muscle group weakness and related hip joint velocity reduction and stiff-knee gait (SKG) during walking in healthy individuals.

Methods: A load of 5% of each individual's body weight was placed on non-dominant thigh of 15 neurologically intact, able-bodied participants (average age: 22.4 ± 0.