Undetermined Ruptured Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Following High-Energy Blunt Abdominal Trauma Requiring Emergency Laparotomy.

Blunt abdominal trauma causing intraperitoneal injury and/or bleeding can be life-threatening, requiring immediate intervention. Diagnosing these cases can be challenging, especially when pre-existing conditions are involved. Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare tumor of the appendix that can lead to pseudomyxoma peritonei.

miR-PAIR: microRNA-protein analysis of integrative relationship for the identification of significantly working miRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs, are recognized as important significant endogenous bio-molecules that regulate the post-transcriptional processes of target genes. However, predictive methods for significantly working miRNAs are poorly understood. The present study aimed to establish a novel method, miRNA protein analysis of integrative relationship (miR-PAIR), for the identification of effectively working miRNAs involved in physiological or pathological events.

Relationship between quantitative physical activity and deterioration of locomotive function: a cross-sectional study using baseline data from a cohort.

Background: In aged society, health policies aimed at extending healthy life expectancy are critical. Maintaining physical activity is essential to prevent the deterioration of body functions. Therefore, it is important to understand the physical activity levels of the target age group and to know the content and intensity of the required physical activity quantitatively.

Dog leukocyte antigen genotyping across class I and class II genes in beagle dogs as laboratory animals.

Dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) polymorphisms have been found to be associated with inter-individual variations in the risk, susceptibility, and severity of immune-related phenomena. While DLA class II genes have been extensively studied, less research has been performed on the polymorphisms of DLA class I genes, especially in beagle dogs commonly used as laboratory animals for safety evaluations in drug development. We genotyped four DLA class I genes and four DLA class II genes by locus-specific Sanger sequencing using 93 laboratory beagle dogs derived from two different strains: TOYO and Marshall.

Near-infrared Photoimmunotherapy Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Patient-Derived Xenografts Using a Humanized Anti-Fibroblast Activation Protein Antibody.

Esophageal cancer remains a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite ongoing advancements in treatments such as immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), plays a crucial role in driving the aggressiveness of esophageal cancer. In a previous study utilizing human-derived xenograft models, we successfully developed a novel cancer treatment that targeted CAFs with near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), as an adjuvant therapy.

Fibroblast activation protein-targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy depletes immunosuppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts and remodels local tumor immunity.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role in tumor immunosuppression. However, targeted depletion of CAFs is difficult due to their diverse cells of origin and the resulting lack of specific surface markers. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel cancer treatment that leads to rapid cell membrane damage.

Statistical model of trajectories of reduced mobility in older people with locomotive disorders: a prospective cohort study with group-based trajectory model.

Background: Today we experience "Super-aged society", and a drastic increase in the number of older people needing assistance is an urgent matter for everyone from medical and socio-economical standpoints. Locomotive organ dysfunction due to musculoskeletal disorders is one of the main problems in these patients. Although the concepts of frailty and sarcopenia have been proposed for functional decline, pain remains the main and non-negligible complaint in these of such disorders.

Differential effects on renal function and glucose metabolism of renal dependent bezafibrate and non-renal dependent pemafibrate in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective: Among fibrates as triglyceride-lowering agents, bezafibrate and fenofibrate are predominantly renally excreted, while pemafibrate is mainly hepatically metabolized and biliary excreted. To elucidate possible different properties among fibrates, this retrospective observational study examined the changes in clinical laboratory parameters, including indices of renal function and glucose metabolism, in cases of switching from bezafibrate to pemafibrate.

Materials And Methods: In 93 patients with hypertriglyceridemia, the average values of laboratory parameters including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c on respective two occasions before and after switching from bezafibrate to pemafibrate were evaluated.

Safety and utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound with Bronchoscope-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) in suspected lung cancer patients with poor respiratory or general conditions: a prospective three-center observational study.

Background: Although transbronchial diagnostic procedures are sometimes difficult to perform because of the patient's respiratory or general conditions, endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA), a known transesophageal diagnostic procedure, might be useful for such cases. We conducted this prospective three-center observational study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-B-FNA in suspected lung cancer patients with poor respiratory or general conditions.

Methods: Patients with suspected lung cancer with respiratory failure, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or higher, or severe respiratory symptoms, were enrolled.

Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel monotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter Phase 2 clinical trial.

Background: Whether immunotherapy improves the efficacy or worsens adverse events of subsequent chemotherapy remains unclear. We performed a Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as a treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with programmed cell death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitor failure.

Methods: Nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m ) was administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle to patients with advanced NSCLC within 12 weeks after the failure of PD-(L)1 inhibitor treatment.

Foci-forming regions of pyruvate kinase and enolase at the molecular surface incorporate proteins into yeast cytoplasmic metabolic enzymes transiently assembling (META) bodies.

Spatial reorganization of metabolic enzymes to form the "metabolic enzymes transiently assembling (META) body" is increasingly recognized as a mechanism contributing to regulation of cellular metabolism in response to environmental changes. A number of META body-forming enzymes, including enolase (Eno2p) and phosphofructokinase, have been shown to contain condensate-forming regions. However, whether all META body-forming enzymes have condensate-forming regions or whether enzymes have multiple condensate-forming regions remains unknown.

Palliative surgery for malignant superior vena cava obstruction resistant to immunotherapy: a case report.

Background: A disease progression pattern in a limited number of sites, called oligoprogression, is relatively common in patients with lung cancer during immunotherapy. It is controversial how to manage clinically problematic oligoprogressive lesions, such as superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction resistant to immunotherapy.

Case Description: We present a case of a 43-year-old man who presented with facial swelling and pain in the right shoulder.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Limbic Encephalitis during Treatment with Atezolizumab in a Patient with Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) is associated with malignancies, including small-cell lung cancer. Recently, PNS cases among patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors have increased. We herein report a 66-year-old man with SCLC who developed disorientation, dysphagia, and gait disturbance after three courses of treatment with atezolizumab.

Characterization of miR-34a-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells Focusing on p53.

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic conversion of the epithelial to mesenchymal state, contributes to cancer progression. Currently, several microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with EMT-mediated cancer progression, but the contribution of miR-34a to EMT in cancer cells remains controversial. The present study aimed to clarify the role of miR-34a in the EMT-related phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-deficient).

Minimum biological domain of xenin-25 required to induce anion secretion in the rat ileum.

Xenin-25 has a variety of physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract, including ion transport and motility. Xenin-25 and neurotensin show sequence homology, especially near their C-terminal regions. The sequence similarity between xenin-25 and neurotensin indicates that the effects of xenin-25 is mediated by the neurotensin receptor but some biological actions of xenin-25 are independent.

Successful treatment with lorlatinib in a patient with meningeal carcinomatosis of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer resistant to alectinib and brigatinib: A case report.

Rationale: Although anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors are effective treatment options for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, achieving long-term survival in patients with NSCLC with meningeal carcinomatosis resistant to ALK inhibitors is difficult. Lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK inhibitor, was designed for selective CNS penetration, and exerts potent antitumor activity against tumors resistant to first- and/or second-generation ALK inhibitors. However, there is limited information about the activity of lorlatinib in ALK inhibitor-resistant meningeal carcinomatosis.

Evaluation on epithelial-mesenchymal state and microRNAs focusing on isolated alveolar epithelial cells from bleomycin injured rat lung.

Several studies using bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury rat model revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Conversely, microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as useful markers of various diseases. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the EMT state through focusing on alveolar epithelial cells and identify the miRNAs that can be used as markers to predict pulmonary fibrosis using a BLM-induced lung injury rat model.

Long-Term Survival With Pembrolizumab Re-administration After Pseudo-Progression With Immune-Related Interstitial Lung Disease in a Patient With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause specific immune-related reactions, such as pseudo-progression. In particular, malignant pleural effusion tends to worsen due to this phenomenon. However, the appropriate management in such cases is unclear.

Pneumonia Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Influenza Virus: A Multicenter Comparative Study.

Background: Detailed differences in clinical information between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (CP), which is the main phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 disease, and influenza pneumonia (IP) are still unclear.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted by including patients with CP who were hospitalized between January and June 2020 and a retrospective cohort of patients with IP hospitalized from 2009 to 2020. We compared the clinical presentations and studied the prognostic factors of CP and IP.

Immediate effect of mechanical lumbar traction in patients with chronic low back pain: A crossover, repeated measures, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Lumbar traction is a treatment method traditionally used for chronic low back pain (CLBP) in many countries. However, its clinical effectiveness has not been proven in medical practice. The purpose is to conduct a multi-center, crossover, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to prove the efficacy and safety of traction on CLBP patients, using equipment capable of precise traction force control and of reproducibility of the condition based on the previous biomechanical and pre-clinical studies.

Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound with Bronchoscope-guided Fine-needle Aspiration for Detecting Driver Oncogenes in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer during Emergency Situations: Case Series.

Since it is difficult to obtain tumor tissue via airway observation for lung cancer patients with a poor respiratory condition, endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle-aspiration (EUS-B-FNA), a transesophageal procedure, is effective for such patients. We herein report three patients with driver oncogenes taken to the emergency department because of lung cancer-related symptoms. EUS-B-FNA was performed because of the patients' poor respiratory conditions to detect driver oncogenes.