Cooling and heating degree days in the US: The role of macroeconomic variables and its impact on environmental sustainability.

Beyond employing the cooling and heating degree days variables for evaluating the climatic conditions and the expected energy needs in the United States, a subtle concern is the underpinning role of the environmental sustainability amidst socio-economic activities. As such, the current study is design to examine the role of fossil fuel energy consumption, ecological footprint, and urban population on the degree days viz-a-vis the cooling and heating days in the United States over the period 1960-2015. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing model employed reveals the importance of the ecological footprint, fossil fuel energy consumption, and urban population on the cooling and heating degree days of the United States.

The role of globalization, real income, tourism in environmental sustainability target. Evidence from Turkey.

In this study, we examine the role of real income, globalization and tourism on environmental sustainability target by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach that controls for structural breaks and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger causality approach that produces robust, efficient and reliable short-run and long-run estimates in the case of Turkey over the periods 1970-2014. To achieve our research objective, we examine stationarity properties of the series via unit root test after which we applied Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration technique to evaluate the presence of a long-run cointegration relationship among the series. The empirical results show that a 1% increase in real income level and international tourists' arrivals led to 0.

Examining the impact of globalization in the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the case of tourist destination states.

This paper examines the relationship between carbon emissions and international tourism growth through the channels of globalization, energy consumption, and real income via testing the environmental Kuznets curve over the periods of 1995 to 2014 for 15 selected tourism destination states that prioritized tourism as a means of maximizing economic growth. Using the panel data analysis, results confirm globalization-tourism-induced EKC hypothesis for tourist destination states. This implies international tourism growth and carbon emissions, through the channels of energy consumption, globalization, and real income, are in a long-term equilibrium relationship.

Prophylaxis versus pre-emptive antibiotics in third molar surgery: a randomised control study.

Objectives: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of preoperative single bolus antibiotics with a 5 day- postoperative antibiotic regimen in reducing pain, swelling, and trismus, surgical site infection (SSI) and alveolar osteitis (AO) after third molar surgery.

Patients And Methods: A randomised experiment was done involving eighty-four patients. The patients were divided into two groups consisting of 42 patients each.

Peripheral osteoma of the zygoma: literature review and case presentation.

Osteoma is a benign, bone forming tumor that is uncommon in the jaws. The aetiology of osteomas is unknown but trauma, infection and developmental abnormalities have been implicated. Solitary osteoma may be classified as peripheral, central and extraskeletal, while multiple osteomas may be associated with Gardner's syndrome.

Interspecialty referrals: evaluation of quality and pattern of referral letters to an oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic.

Referral letters are the most desirable means of communication between medical practitioners in patients' management, however many studies have indicated that this form of communication is often lacking in essential information necessary for prompt treatment. This study sets out primarily to evaluate the quality and secondarily pattern of referrals from other specialties within the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, to the department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery of the same institution. The information sought for in each letter were patient's name, age, sex: is the letter dated or not, referring department, history ofcomplaint, management already instituted, reason for the referral, name and the signature of the referring doctor.