Strategic Switching from Conventional Urea to Nano-Urea for Sustaining the Rice-Wheat Cropping System.

In the face of declining crop yields, inefficient fertilizer usage, nutrient depletion, and limited water availability, the efficiency of conventional NPK fertilizers is a critical issue in India. The hypothesis of this study posits that nano-nitrogen could enhance growth and photosynthetic efficiency in crop plants compared to conventional fertilizers. For this, a randomized block design (RBD) field experiment was conducted with six treatments: no nitrogen (T1), 100% N through urea (T2), and varying levels of N replacement with nano-nitrogen (33%: T3; 50%: T4; 66%: T5; and 100%: T6).

Exosomes as nature's nano carriers: Promising drug delivery tools and targeted therapy for glioma.

Exosomes, minute vesicles originating from diverse cell types, exhibit considerable potential as carriers for drug delivery in glioma therapy. These naturally occurring nanocarriers facilitate the transfer of proteins, RNAs, and lipids between cells, offering advantages such as biocompatibility, efficient cellular absorption, and the capability to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the realm of cancer, particularly gliomas, exosomes play pivotal roles in modulating tumor growth, regulating immunity, and combating drug resistance.

Verification of Sub-national Claim for 'TB-free' Status of Rajsamand District, Rajasthan, India-2020.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an opportunistic infection that affects the lungs in humans. Caseload of TB has been deemed it endemic in various regions of the world and India is on top of that list. The Government of India has set out a goal to eliminate tuberculosis in India by the year 2025 with the help of the National Strategic Plan (NSP) 2017-25.

Paddy straw biochar amended sediment enhances pond productivity, growth and physiological profile of Penaeus vannamei cultured in inland saline nursery ponds.

The growing interest in commercial Inland saline aquaculture has taken momentum across the globe due to the available technologies for aquaculture and the abundant resources of saline groundwater. However, the critical problems in inland saline ponds are degraded soil and imbalanced or deficient nutrients. To address these issues, a 75-day experiment was conducted to explore the effects of Paddy Straw Biochar (PSB) as a sediment amendment on sediment quality, water characteristics, growth parameters, and the well-being of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline environments.

Elucidating morphogenic and physiological traits of rice with nitrogen substitution through nano-nitrogen under salt stress conditions.

Background: Sustainable crop production along with best nutrient use efficiency is the key indicator of smart agriculture. Foliar application of plant nutrients can complement soil fertilization with improved nutrient uptake, translocation and utilization. Recent developments in slow releasing, nano-fertilizers in agriculture, begins a new era for sustainable use and management of natural resources.

Mammalian cell expressed recombinant trimeric spike protein is a potent vaccine antigen and confers near-complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hamster.

Numerous vaccine candidates have emerged in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, yet the challenges posed by viral evolution and the evasion of vaccine-induced immunity persist. The development of broadly protective vaccines is essential in countering the threat posed by variants of concern (VoC) capable of eluding existing vaccine defenses. Among the diverse SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, detailed characterization of those based on the expression of the entire spike protein in mammalian cells have been limited.

Inoculants of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Influence Growth and Biomass of under Amendment and Anamendment Entisol.

Entisol soil is hard and compact in nature, rendering it high in bulk density, which influences root penetration adversely and thereby poor plant growth. In this experiment, used seven treatments in different combination in normal soil, were used as growth media for the seedling. T3 (60% entisol) found the best as it gave the highest biomass in the species regardless of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment.

Host Plant Modulated Physio-Biochemical Process Enhances Adaptive Response of Sandalwood ( L.) under Salinity Stress.

Salinity is one of the most significant abiotic stress that affects the growth and development of high-value tree species, including sandalwood, which can also be managed effectively on saline soils with the help of suitable host species. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to understand the physiological processes and antioxidant mechanisms in sandalwood along the different salinity gradients to explore the host species that could support sandalwood growth in salt-affected agro-ecosystems. Sandalwood seedlings were grown with ten diverse host species with saline water irrigation gradients (EC~3, 6, and 9 dS m) and control (EC~0.

Seasonal Immune Rhythms of head kidney and spleen cells in the freshwater Teleost, .

Annual rhythms in immune function are the reflection of a crucial physiological strategy to deal with environmental stressors. The fish are pivotal animal models to study the annual rhythm and to understand the evolution of the vertebrate biological system. The current research was planned to assess the annual changes in the innate immune functions of immune cells in a teleost, .

Concepts of circular economy for sustainable management of electronic wastes: challenges and management options.

The electronic and electrical industrial sector is exponentially growing throughout the globe, and sometimes, these wastes are being disposed of and discarded with a faster rate in comparison to the past era due to technology advancements. As the application of electronic devices is increasing due to the digitalization of the world (IT sector, medical, domestic, etc.), a heap of discarded e-waste is also being generated.

Prozone phenomenon in pretransplant testing: An interesting conundrum involving solid-phase and cell-based assays.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major determinant in deciding upon solid organ histocompatibility. Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs)) are always a contraindication for solid organ transplantation, and identification of DSA becomes very crucial before transplantation to provide long-term graft survival. For identification of DSA, usually, either cell-based or HLA bead-based assay is being used in laboratories.

Integration of organics in nutrient management for rice-wheat system improves nitrogen use efficiency favorable soil biological and electrochemical responses.

Introduction: The contrasting soil management in flooded-transplanted rice () and dry-tilled wheat () poses a challenge for improving low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the rice-wheat system. Integration of organics in nutrient management can bring in changes favoring efficient N uptake changes in growing conditions and soil responses.

Materials And Methods: This study reported the results of a 15-year-long experiment on integrated nutrient management (INM) systems for rice-wheat cropping.

Agronomic biofortification of food crops: An emerging opportunity for global food and nutritional security.

Fortification of food with mineral micronutrients and micronutrient supplementation occupied the center stage during the two-year-long Corona Pandemic, highlighting the urgent need to focus on micronutrition. Focus has also been intensified on the biofortification (natural assimilation) of mineral micronutrients into food crops using various techniques like agronomic, genetic, or transgenic. Agronomic biofortification is a time-tested method and has been found useful in the fortification of several nutrients in several crops, yet the nutrient use and uptake efficiency of crops has been noted to vary due to different growing conditions like soil type, crop management, fertilizer type, etc.

Seasonal immune rhythm of leukocytes in the freshwater snakehead fish, Channa punctatus.

Annual rhythms are observed in many physiological processes and are an important approach to cope with seasonal stressors. The use of lower vertebrates as an experimental model is crucial to understand the evolution of this biological clock. This study aims to characterize the seasonal variability in the leukocyte immune responses in Channa punctatus.

Vertebrate growth plasticity in response to variation in a mutualistic interaction.

Vertebrate growth can be phenotypically plastic in response to predator-prey and competitive interactions. It is unknown however, if it can be plastic in response to mutualistic interactions. Here we investigate plasticity of vertebrate growth in response to variation in mutualistic interactions, using clown anemonefish and their anemone hosts.

A randomized controlled trial protocol in modifying neuromotor behavior of hospitalized preterm neonates using multimodal stimulations: MMS trial.

Purpose: Noxious sensory inputs from the neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and lack of placental support negatively impact neuronal organization which has implications later in life. Evidence regarding early interventions (EI) on preterm neonates (PN) at high risk for developmental motor disorders is limited and inconclusive. This study focuses on neuromotor changes following Multimodal stimulations (MMS) with sensory and motor interventions among stable hospitalized PNs.

Switching to nanonutrients for sustaining agroecosystems and environment: the challenges and benefits in moving up from ionic to particle feeding.

The worldwide agricultural enterprise is facing immense pressure to intensify to feed the world's increasing population while the resources are dwindling. Fertilizers which are deemed as indispensable inputs for food, fodder, and fuel production now also represent the dark side of the intensive food production system. With most crop production systems focused on increasing the quantity of produce, indiscriminate use of fertilizers has created havoc for the environment and damaged the fiber of the biogeosphere.

Development and validation of novel kit for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on clinical samples.

Since the pandemic occurred due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there has always been a demand for a simple and sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of SARS-Cov-2 infection. In January 2020, WHO approved the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting the presence of Covid-19 genetic material in individuals. Till date many diagnostic kits have arrived in the market for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Short-term effects of multimodal stimulation on neuromotor behaviour and neonatal pain among hospitalized preterm infants: A feasibility, non-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Preterm infant experiences neuromotor disturbances and neonatal pain during NICU stay. Optimal brain development and pain tolerance require both sensory and motor experiences. We aimed to explore the effect of multimodal stimulation (MMS) including multi-sensory and movement therapy on neuromotor behaviour and neonatal pain among hospitalized preterm infants.

Neonatal aquatic physiotherapy in neonatal intensive care units: A scoping review.

Background: Therapeutic benefits of neonates undergoing neonatal aquatic physiotherapy (NAPT) are evident from the available literature. However complied report on NAPT is not yet available. Hence, we have mapped the available interventions to treat neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) using NAPT in a scoping review.

Cyanobacteria as biochemical energy source for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles, mechanism and potential applications: a review.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained great concern among researchers due to their unique properties, excellent applications and efficient route of synthesis. From the last decades, the number biologicals such as plants, fungus, bacteria, yeast, algae, and cyanobacteria and their products are using by various researchers for the synthesis of different NPs. However, the pillar of green chemistry keeps touching new heights to improve the performance.

Nitrogen Availability and Use Efficiency in Wheat Crop as Influenced by the Organic-Input Quality Under Major Integrated Nutrient Management Systems.

Purpose: One of the serious constraints for the integration of organics in soil fertility plans is the release and availability of nitrogen (N) to match the critical growth stages of a crop. The interplay between organic amendment characteristics and soil moisture conditions can significantly affect the nutrient release and availability, especially for dryland crops like wheat. In this study, the effects of integrated nutrient management strategies using diverse qualities of organic amendments on daily N mineralization and its availability to plants during the full growing season of the wheat crop were analyzed in a 10-year experiment.