Comparative evaluation of pain rating scales for dental pain among the Saudi population: A cross-sectional study.

Pain, being a subjective phenomenon, is perceived in different manner by individuals based on various factors including age and gender. Various scales are available in literature to assess and record the pain perceived by an individual. Comparison of commonly used pain perception scales among Saudi Arabian population is scarce.

Feeding and Growth Response of Fall Armyworm towards Different Host Plants.

The fall armyworm, , is a major migratory polyphagous insect pest of various crops. The essential nutrient and mineral profile of the host plants determines the feeding fitness of herbivorous insects. As a result, the growth and development of insects is affected.

Follicular, luteal dynamics and effect of synchronization methods on reproductive responses in Cholistani cows.

The Cholistani cow is considered one of the milch breeds of Zebu cattle. Despite being heat and tick-resistant, it has not yet gained much popularity among Pakistan dairy farmers due to its long calving interval. This study aimed to understand the basic reproductive physiology of Cholistani cows using sonography and reproductive biotechnologies such as estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination to improve reproductive efficiency.

Influence of Confining Element Stiffness on the In-Plane Seismic Performance of Confined Masonry Walls.

Confined masonry (CM) construction is being increasingly adopted for its cost-effectiveness and simplicity, particularly in seismic zones. Despite its known benefits, limited research exists on how the stiffness of confining elements influences the in-plane behavior of CM. This study conducted a comprehensive parametric analysis using experimentally validated numerical models of single-wythe, squat CM wall panels under quasi-static reverse cyclic loading.

The -diethanolaminomethylcalix[4]arene-incorporated polyacrylonitrile-based facilitated-transport-nanofiber mat for O/N separation.

Separation of gases from air mixture is one of the most challenging and laborious separations due to the remarkably uniform molecular size of gas molecules. Therefore, the present study aimed to synthesize polyacrylonitrile-based nanofibers mat(NM) impregnated with -diethanolaminomethylcalix[4]arene (PAN/-DEAC4 NM) for the separation of two crucial gases O and N. The affinity of the prepared PAN/-DEAC4 NM for O was examined by optimizing the loading concentration of -DEAC4 in the range from 5% to 20% (w/v).

Rotavirus genotype dynamics in Pakistan: G9 and G12 emerging as dominant strains in vaccinated children (2019).

Rotavirus A (RVA) is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and vaccination has become a pivotal strategy to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. This study presents a molecular characterization of RVA genotypes circulating among vaccinated children in Pakistan during the year 2019. A total of 510 stool samples were collected from children of up to five years of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis symptoms in Rawalpindi, Islamabad regions of Pakistan.

Effects of routine physical therapy with and without kinesio taping in improving gross motor function in sitting and standing in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Kinesio taping along with routine physical therapy on improving gross motor function in sitting and standing among spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy children.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Settings: University Teaching Hospital University of Lahore, Lahore.

Significance of Triazole in Medicinal Chemistry: Advancement in Drug Design, Reward and Biological Activity.

One of the triazole tautomers, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, has a wide range of biological activities that suggest its potential therapeutic utility in medicinal chemistry. These actions include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-diabetic effects. Using computational simulations and models, we investigate the structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazoles, showing how various modifications to the triazole core yield a variety of clinical therapeutic benefits.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Kir6.2 Variants Reveals Potential Association with Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a problem for the healthcare system worldwide. DM has very serious complications such as blindness, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease. In addition to the very bad socioeconomic impacts, it influences patients and their families and communities.

Alternative splicing analysis of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes and enzyme variants in Aspergillus niger.

Alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the protein diversity in eukaryotes. Although AS variants have been frequently reported existing in filamentous fungi, it remains unclear whether lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes in industrially important fungi undergo AS events. In this work, AS events of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes genes in Aspergillus niger under two carbon sources (glucose and wheat straw) were investigated by RNA-Seq.

Phytochemicals analysis and aflatoxin B detoxification potential of leaves extract of and .

The present study aimed to identify the presence of certain classes of phytochemicals in the leaf extract of medicinal herbs viz. and , using qualitative detection tests and explored the potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract to inhibit aflatoxin production by thin layer chromatography at 25 °C and pH (7) of different incubation times i.e.

Risk assessment of driver performance in the oil and gas transportation industry: Analyzing the relationship between driver vigilance, attention, reaction time, and safe driving practices.

The increasing use of road traffic for land transportation has resulted in numerous road accidents and casualties, including those involving oil and gas tanker vehicles. Despite this, little empirical research has been conducted on the factors influencing tanker drivers' performance. This study aims to address this knowledge gap, particularly in the energy transportation industry, by examining the driving performance factors that affect tanker drivers and incorporating risk assessment measures.

Prevalence of Misconceptions and Myths Regarding Oral Health Among Medical and Dental Students in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Background The aim of study is to assess the prevalence of dental myths and misconceptions among the students of medicine and dentistry in Peshawar, Pakistan, and to gauge the quality of dental education, knowledge, and awareness. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the current students of medicine and dentistry at Rehman Medical College, Rehman College of Dentistry, Gandhara University, Khyber Medical College, and Khyber College of Dentistry. They were questioned regarding their beliefs in dental misconceptions and myths prevalent in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Tungsten oxide encapsulated phosphate-rich porous alginate composites for efficient U(VI) capture: Insights into synthesis, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.

In this work, novel monoclinic tungsten oxide (WO)-encapsulated phosphate-rich porous sodium alginate (PASA) microspherical hydrogel beads were prepared for efficient U(VI) capture. These macroporous and hollow beads were systematically characterized through XRD, FTIR, EDX-mapping, and SEM-EDS techniques. The O and P atoms in the PO and monoclinic WO offered inner-spherical complexation with U(VI).

Genome sequencing of Pakistani families with male infertility identifies deleterious genotypes in SPAG6, CCDC9, TKTL1, TUBA3C, and M1AP.

Background: There are likely to be hundreds of monogenic forms of human male infertility. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the most efficient way to make progress in mapping the causative genetic variants, and ultimately improve clinical management of the disease in each patient. Recruitment of consanguineous families is an effective approach to ascertain the genetic forms of many diseases.

Deep-dewatering of sewage sludge using double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) plasma technology.

Deep dewatering of sewage sludge is essential for optimizing disposal and resource recovery. This study explores the potential of Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DDBD) plasma for enhancing waste activated sludge (WAS) dewatering. Key operational parameters (applied voltage, treatment duration, and air feeding rate) were systematically investigated using a two-step approach: Single Factor-at-a-Time (SFAT) and central composite design (CCD) within the response surface methodology (RSM) framework.

Cobalt Ferrite Surface-Modified Carbon Nanotube Fibers as an Efficient and Flexible Electrode for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting Reactions.

One of the most practical and environmentally friendly ways to deal with the energy crises and global warming is to produce hydrogen as clean fuel by splitting water. The central obstacle for electrochemical water splitting is the use of expensive metal-based catalysts. For electrocatalytic hydrogen production, it is essential to fabricate an efficient catalyst for the counterpart oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is a four-electron-transfer sluggish process.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles enhanced wheat resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana.

Agronomic crops can benefit from the application of nanoscale materials in order to control phytopathogens and improve plant growth. Bipolaris sorokiniana, a soil- and seed-borne fungus, causes severe yield losses in wheat. In order to determine the physio-chemical changes in wheat under biotic stress of B.

Proximate composition and prevalence and exposure assessment of aflatoxins intake through consumption of fresh carrot and processed marketed carrot products in South Punjab, Pakistan.

Carrot ( L.) is a nutrient-rich vegetable that is widely cultivated and consumed in Pakistan in both raw and processed form. Data on the proximate composition and natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) in carrots and marketed carrot products is lacking in Pakistan and the risk exposure of AF has not been characterised before.

Glutaredoxin proteins from E. coli isoforms were compared in terms of energy frustration.

Glutaredoxin (GRXs) protein plays a vital role inside the cell, including redox control of transcription to the cell's antioxidant defense, apoptosis, and cellular differentiation regulation. In this study, we have investigated the energy landscape and characterized the pattern of local frustration in different forms and states of the GRX protein ofE. coli.

Microbial diversity and potential health risks of household municipal solid waste in China: A case study in winter during outbreak of COVID-19.

Microbial (bacteria and fungi) community structures and their distributions in urban household municipal solid waste (HMSW) were characterized in a sampling campaign in 38 cities of China covering 5 climatic zones. All samples were collected from garbage containers in residential communities during the Winter of 2022, from January 11 to 26. A total of 247 bacterial genera belonging to 22 phyla were identified among the samples.

Effects of inoculation of corn silage with on silage fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, mycoflora and aflatoxin production.

In the present study, fresh whole corn plants along with half milk kernels line were treated with live and hydrolysed yeast with different concentrations before ensiling and kept in airtight bags and then into mini silos in order to achieve anaerobic conditions for proper fermentation. The buckets were opened after different time intervals to characterise the material, quick acidification, dry matter recovery, and aerobic stability of silage respectively. Moreover, mycoflora and aflatoxin contamination were also analysed.

Progress in Manipulating Dynamic Surface Reconstruction via Anion Modulation for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation.

The development of efficient and economical electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of paramount importance for the sustainable production of renewable fuels and energy storage systems; however, the sluggish OER kinetics involving multistep four proton-coupled electron transfer hampers progress in these systems. Fortunately, surface reconstruction offers promising potential to improve OER catalyst design. Anion modulation plays a crucial role in controlling the extent of surface reconstruction and positively persuading the reconstructed species' performances.