Leukocyte infiltration and cross-talk with cardiomyocytes exploit intracellular stress pathways in dilated cardiomyopathy of idiopathic origin.

Background And Objective: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent form of heart failure results in dilation and disruption of heart. Most strikingly a majority of the DCM cases do not have any identified etiology, hence known as idiopathic DCM (IDCM). Our study aimed to investigate the cross-talk between leukocytes and cardiomyocytes in terms of cardiac inflammation and stress response in IDCM.

Etiology and Biochemical Profile of Rickets in Tertiary Care Centres in Eastern India: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: We aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical and etiological profile of patients referred with a provisional diagnosis of rickets in tertiary care centres. In addition, we tried to propose a diagnostic algorithm for the evaluation of such patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in two tertiary care centres of West Bengal.

Marked increase in bone mineral density with oral phosphate and calcitriol in tumour-induced osteomalacia.

Patients with osteomalacia have a low bone mineral density (BMD) and are often misdiagnosed as osteoporosis. A marked increase in BMD is noticed following successful treatment of osteomalacia. The biochemical hallmark of tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is hypophosphatemia.

Rickets in proximal renal tubular acidosis: a case series of six distinct etiologies.

Objectives: Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is characterized by a defect in the ability of the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate. The biochemical hallmark of pRTA is hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap, accompanied by appropriate acidification of the urine (simultaneous urine pH <5.3).

Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Patients with Renal Tubular Acidosis in Southern Part of West Bengal, India: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose Of The Study: Reversible proximal tubular dysfunction associated with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) mimics type 3 RTA, a condition classically associated with features of both proximal RTA (pRTA) and dRTA. Proximal tubulopathy has been reported in children with primary dRTA, but the data in adults are lacking.

Study Design: In this hospital record-based retrospective study, data from 66 consecutive cases of RTA, between January 2016 to December 2018, were retrieved and analyzed.

Indian Expert Review on Use of Teneligliptin in patients with Diabetes and its Safety and Efficacy (INTENSE).

Introduction: Management of diabetes in India remains less than satisfactory despite a huge prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Associated obesity, inadequate lifestyle modifications and burden of treatment costs are certain major issues contributing to inadequate management of diabetes in India.

Aim: To evaluate the use of Teneligliptin in patients with diabetes and its safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness especially in Indian patients with T2D.

Chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study using multiple markers.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Chronic inflammation has been observed in PCOS in several studies but there is also opposing evidence and a dearth of research in Indians.

Objective: To estimate chronic inflammation in PCOS and find its relationship with appropriate anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

Phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of CTSK variants in a cohort of twenty-five Indian patients with pycnodysostosis.

Background: Pycnodysostosis is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with easily recognizable clinical features and marked molecular heterogeneity. In this study, we explored the clinical and molecular spectrum of 25 Indian patients with pycnodysostosis from 20 families.

Methods: Clinical information was collected on a predesigned clinical proforma.

Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Consensus Statement.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in approximately 20-40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with DKD have a higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and antihyperglycemic drugs form the mainstay of DKD management and aim to restrict progression to more severe stages of DKD.

A Cross-sectional Study of Stretched Penile Length in Boys from West Bengal, India.

Introduction: Short penile length is a commonly encountered problem in clinical practice. Detection of abnormal stretched penile length (SPL) warrants appropriate endocrine evaluation. Ethnicity-specific SPL data are required to detect these abnormalities.

FSH β-subunit mutations in two sisters: the first report from the Indian sub-continent and review of previous cases.

Isolated FSH deficiency due to mutations in the gene for β-subunit of FSH is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease of which only eleven cases have been reported so far. The clinical features include absent breast development and primary amenorrhea in females and azoospermia with normal testosterone levels in males. In this study we report two Kashmiri sisters born to native Kashmiri consanguineous parents with failure of onset of puberty.

Reversible Secondary Osteolysis in Diabetic Foot Infection.

Osteolysis, caused by active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts, can be primary or can develop secondary to a variety of disease processes. An elevated level of inflammatory cytokines in the local milieu and increased blood flow secondary to infection or autonomic neuropathy stimulate the osteoclasts and cause bone loss in the diabetic foot. Charcot's neuroarthropathy and osteomyelitis are well-known foot complications of diabetes, and secondary osteolysis has largely been underappreciated and, hence, underreported.

Effects of thyroid status on glycated hemoglobin.

Introduction: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can be altered in different conditions. We hypothesize that HbA1c levels may change due to altered thyroid status, possibly due to changes in red blood cell (RBC) turnover.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of altered thyroid status on HbA1c levels in individuals without diabetes, with overt hyper- and hypo-thyroidism, and if present, whether such changes in HbA1c are reversed after achieving euthyroid state.

Efficacy and safety of low dose oral prednisolone as compared to pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in managing moderate severe Graves' orbitopathy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: High dose oral prednisolone (100 mg/day) in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is limited by lesser response, and greater side-effects compared to intravenous (iv) methylprednisolone. Low dose oral prednisolone has not been evaluated in GO. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dose oral prednisolone in GO.

Thyroid associated orbitopathy with ocular myasthenia in primary hypothyroidism: Keep those eyes open.

Thyroid associated orbitopathy, although seen most commonly with thyrotoxicosis, is also known to occur in primary hypothyroidism. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition with an established association with autoimmune thyroid disease. We report the case of a patient who presented with recent onset unilateral ptosis that was fatigable with a history of proptosis since a year.

Precocious puberty: A blessing in disguise!

Germ cell tumors may lead to incomplete isosexual male precocity and are commonly located in the pineal gland. Germinomas of the basal ganglia are almost always unilateral and precocious puberty is a rare manifestation in them. We report a 9.

De morseir syndrome presenting as ambiguous genitalia.

Background: A 10-year-old boy presented with genital ambiguity, poor linear growth, and delayed milestones. The aim and to highlight that although rare but congenital, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may rarely present as ambiguity.

Materials And Methods: The patient was found to have bilateral cryptorchidism with proximal penile hypospadias, microphallus with a proportionate dwarfism with mildly delayed bone age, and karyotype 46XY.

Refractory rickets due to Fanconi's Syndrome secondary to Wilson's disease.

Renal tubular disorders are an important cause of refractory rickets. Wilson's disease, an inherited disorder of copper metabolism has varied presentations. We present a case of refractory rickets due to Fanconi's syndrome attributable to Wilson's disease.