Metallic Nanomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Conventional grafting techniques for bone regeneration are currently being replaced by tissue engineering approaches of using 3D biomimetic materials. Of these biomaterials, metals have the highest mechanical strength; moreover, they play a major role in accelerating bone formation and promoting bone regeneration. They act as cofactors for enzymes, serving as a structural component of bone forming enzymes and proteins, stimulating angiogenesis, increasing extra-cellular matrix synthesis, promoting bone formation, and inhibiting bone resorption.

Effect of size of bioactive glass nanoparticles on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation for dental and orthopedic applications.

Bioactive glass nanoparticles (nanostructured bioglass ceramics or nBGs) have been widely employed as a filler material for bone tissue regeneration. The physical properties of nBG particles govern their biological actions. In this study, the impact of the size of nBG particles on mouse mesenchymal stem cell (mMSC) proliferation was investigated.

miR-182 is a negative regulator of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and skeletogenesis through targeting FoxO1.

Uncontrolled oxidative stress impairs bone formation and induces age-related bone loss in humans. The FoxO family is widely accepted to play an important role in protecting diverse cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of FoxO1, the main FoxO in bone, stimulates proliferation and differentiation as well as inhibits apoptosis of osteoblast lineage cells.