Patellar tendon restoration techniques: a systematic review of outcomes for repair and reconstruction methods.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to delineate the various methods to repair or reconstruct the patellar tendon using the available literature.

Methods: MEDLINE and PubMed electronic databases were searched for English language clinical studies involving patellar tendon rupture repair or reconstruction that reported patient-reported outcome scores (PROS) between January 1st, 1953 and June 17th, 2021. Data was extracted on full text articles to collect functional outcome scores and rupture category, including acute, chronic, post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Utilization Trends, Patient-Demographics, and Comparison of Medical Complications of Sliding Hip Screw or Intramedullary Nail for Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Nationwide Analysis from 2005 to 2014 of the Medicare Population.

Background: Studies demonstrate an increase incidence of intertrochanteric fractures within the United States. Matched studies evaluating intertrochanteric fractures managed with either sliding hip screw (SHS) or intramedullary nail (IMN) within the Medicare population are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate: 1) annual utilization trends; 2) patient demographics; and 3) complications including mortality.

Surgical Technique of the "Up-The-Neck" View During Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement.

In the setting of femoroacetabular impingement, arthroscopy versus open surgery confers many advantages. However, inadequate bony resection remains a concern and is the leading cause of revision surgery. Several strategies have been described to ensure a more-complete resection during hip arthroscopy.

The High-cycle Fatigue Life of Cortical Bone Allografts Is Radiation Sterilization Dose-dependent: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Structural cortical bone allografts are a reasonable treatment option for patients with large cortical bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or complications of arthroplasty. Although structural cortical bone allografts provide the benefit of an osteoconductive material, they are susceptible to fatigue failure (fracture) and carry a risk of disease transmission. Radiation-sterilization at the recommended dose of 25 kGy decreases the risk of disease transmission.

Impact of depressive disorders on primary total shoulder arthroplasties: a matched control analysis of 113,648 Medicare patients.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with depressive disorders undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasty have higher rates of (1) in-hospital lengths of stay, (2) readmission rates, (3) medical complications, and (4) implant-related complications.

Methods: A retrospective query was performed using a national claims database. Study group patients were matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio according to age, sex, and medical comorbidities.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated With Thromboembolic Complications Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have deranged coagulation parameters predisposing them to venous thromboembolisms (VTEs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients who have RA undergoing primary TKA have higher rates of (1) VTEs; (2) readmission rates; and (3) costs of care.

Methods: Patients who have RA undergoing primary TKA were identified and matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and comorbidities.

Comparison of Patient Demographics and Utilization Trends of Robotic-Assisted and Non-Robotic-Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (RAUKA) is an emerging area of interest. The purpose of this study was to compare (1) different patient demographic profiles; (2) annual primary and revision utilization rates; (3) risk factors for revision procedures; and (4) survivorship between RAUKA and manual UKA (MUKA). Using the PearlDiver database, patients who underwent RAUKA or MUKA between 2005 and 2014 within the Medicare database were identified, yielding a total of 35,061 patients (RAUKA = 13,617; manual = 21,444).

High Altitude Is an Independent Risk Factor for Developing a Pulmonary Embolism, but Not a Deep Vein Thrombosis Following a 1- to 2-Level Lumbar Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To identify if a 1- to 2-level posterior lumbar fusion at higher altitude is an independent risk factor for postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: A national Medicare database was queried for all patients undergoing 1- to 2-level lumbar fusions from 2005 to 2014.

Perioperative Complications in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 102,898 Patients.

There are conflicting results regarding the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with and without RA undergoing primary TKA. Specifically, we assessed (1) 90-day medical complications, (2) 90-day readmission rates, (3) short-term implant-related complications, (4) 1-year mortality, and (5) total global 90-day episode-of-care costs.

Comparison of implant related complications amongst patients with opioid use disorder and non-users following total knee arthroplasty.

Background: The influence of opioid use disorder on implant related complications, infection and readmission rates, and total global episode-of-care costs following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is limited.

Aim: To examine whether opioid abuse in patients undergoing primary TKA.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Medicare dataset, using the PearlDiver database, from 2005-2014 comparing outcomes in patients with opioid abusers (OUD) to non-opioid abusers (NOU) undergoing primary TKA was performed.

Sleep Apnea Increases Ninety-Day Complications and Cost Following Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Sleep apnea (SA) negatively affects bone mineralization, cognition, and immunity. There is paucity in the literature regarding the impact of SA on total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of this study is to compare complications in patients with and without SA undergoing either total knee (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Comparison of implant survivability in primary 1- to 2-level lumbar fusion amongst opioid abusers and non-opioid abusers.

Background: Primary lumbar fusion (LF) is a treatment option for degenerative disc disease. The literature is limited regarding postoperative complications in opioid abusers undergoing LF. The purpose of this study was to compare 2-year short term implant-related complications, infection rates, 90-day readmission rates, in-hospital length of stay, and cost of care amongst opioid abusers (OAS) and non-opioid abusers (NAS) undergoing primary 1- to 2-level primary lumbar fusion (1-2LF).

An epidural steroid injection in the 6 months preceding a lumbar decompression without fusion predisposes patients to post-operative infections.

Background: To determine if the timing of a lumbar epidural steroid injection (LESI) effects rates of post-operative infection in patients receiving a non-fusion lumbar decompression (LDC) due to degenerative disc disease (DDD). Lumbar pain due to DDD can frequently be temporized or definitively treated with epidural injections. While there is ample literature regarding the infection risks associated with corticosteroid injections prior to hip/knee replacements, there are few studies relating to the spine.

A higher altitude is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolisms following total shoulder arthroplasty.

Introduction: High altitudes lead to physiological changes that may predispose to venous thromboembolisms (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). No prior study has evaluated if there is also a higher risk of VTEs after total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) performed at higher elevations compared to lower elevations. The purpose of this study was to identify if undergoing TSA at a higher altitude center (>4000 feet above sea level) is an independent risk factor for a postoperative VTE.

Hypothyroidism increases 90-day postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary single level anterior cervical disectomy and fusion: a matched control analysis.

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is indicated for patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy, myelopathy, and degenerative disc disease, among other diseases. There is paucity in the literature regarding postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary ACDF with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this study is to compare 90-day postoperative complications in patients with and without hypothyroidism undergoing primary ACDF.

Fibromyalgia as a Predictor of Increased Postoperative Complications, Readmission Rates, and Hospital Costs in Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify whether a concomitant diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) influences postoperative complications, readmission rates or cost following primary 1 to 2 level lumbar fusions in an elective setting.

Summary Of Background Data: Patients with FM often are limited by chronic lower back pain, many of whom will seek operative treatment.

Anterior and posterior suprasellar extensions of a symmetrical trilobed nonfunctional giant pituitary adenoma in the sagittal plane: a case report and review of literature.

Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, the presence of a trilobed nonfunctional giant pituitary adenoma has never been described before in the literature. These tumors present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Tumors of this etiology can be managed with pharmacologic treatment or aggressive surgical intervention.

Guiding intracortical brain tumour cells to an extracortical cytotoxic hydrogel using aligned polymeric nanofibres.

Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive, invasive brain tumour with a poor survival rate. Available treatments are ineffective and some tumours remain inoperable because of their size or location. The tumours are known to invade and migrate along white matter tracts and blood vessels.