The Association Between Self-Managed versus Clinician-Managed Abortion and Self-Reported Abortion Complications: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in India.

Purpose: To examine the association between self-managed abortion and the self-reported experience of abortion complications in India, a country with a high incidence of self-managed abortion.

Patients And Methods: The study used a cross-sectional multivariable logistic regression analysis of data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) of 2015-2016 to compare the odds of self-reported complications experienced during abortion between self-managed and clinician-managed abortions in India.

Results: On average, self-managed abortions occurred earlier in gestation than clinician-managed abortions, 7.

The association between intimate partner violence and recent self-managed abortion in India.

Background: Previous studies have shown that women who experience intimate partner violence have higher rates of unintended pregnancy and abortion-but whether there are differences between the types of abortion care accessed is unknown. Understanding the predictors of self-managed abortion is important for providing risk-mitigating information and resources to those at highest risk for unintended pregnancy and intimate partner violence. With access to information and medication abortion drugs, it is possible that self-managed abortion can be performed safely, increasing reproductive autonomy for women.

Subnational mortality estimates for India in 2019: a baseline for evaluating excess deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Estimates of excess mortality are required to assess and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across populations. For India, reliable baseline prepandemic mortality patterns at national and subnational level are necessary for such assessments. However, available data from the Civil Registration System (CRS) is affected by incompleteness of death recording that varies by sex, age and location.

Retrograde transvenous selective lymphatic duct embolization in post donor nephrectomy chylous ascites.

Chylous ascites is a rare, potentially sinister complication in post donor nephrectomy patients which may cause significant morbidity in form of severe malnutrition and an immuno-compromised state. We present two patients with post donor nephrectomy-related chylous leaks who failed conservative treatment. In both cases, lymphangiography was done first to detect the chylous leak site in the left renal fossa, and thereafter transvenous retrograde approach via left subclavian vein with selective lymphatic duct embolization of chylous leak was done with coils and glue successfully.

Premature adult mortality in India: what is the size of the matter?

Background: Reducing adult mortality by 2030 is a key component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). Monitoring progress towards these goals requires timely and reliable information on deaths by age, sex and cause. To estimate baseline measures for UNSDGs, this study aimed to use several different data sources to estimate subnational measures of premature adult mortality (between 30 and 70 years) for India in 2017.

Does the prenatal factor or the postnatal factor contribute more to changes in the child sex ratio in India? An investigation in the context of fertility and mortality transition.

There has been a drastic decline in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males between ages 0 and 4) in India and many of its states. This study aimed to examine if prenatal factors, such as change in sex ratio at birth, or postnatal factors, such as change in relative mortality of females and males, contribute to this more by analysing the dynamics of the child sex ratio. Changes in the child sex ratio during 2001-2011 were decomposed into a 'fertility' component attributable to prenatal sex selection and a 'mortality' component attributable to sex differentials in postnatal survival at the country as well as the state level.

Factors Influencing the Sex Ratio at Birth in India: A New Analysis based on Births Occurring between 2005 and 2016.

Previous research on sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India has largely relied on macro-analysis of census data that do not contain the breadth of factors needed to explain patterns in SRB. Additionally, no previous research has examined the differentiation of factors associated with SRB across birth orders, a key determinant in societies affected by son preference. This study aims to fill these gaps using micro-data related to 553,461 births occurring between 2005 and 2016 collected as part of the 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey.

Association between the total fertility rate and under-five child sex ratio in India: a panel study among districts of the major states.

This study examined the relationship between the total fertility rate and under-five child sex ratio to understand the role of fertility in the phenomenon of missing girls in India. Using data from the last four decennial censuses for the fifteen major states of India and their districts, covering more than 90% of the population of India, the study showed that there was a major decline in the female to male child sex ratio from 1981 to 2011 in most of the major Indian states and their districts. The panel regression model showed that the total fertility rate was significantly associated with the under-five child sex ratio at the district level for the 30-year period from 1981 to 2011 in India, even after controlling for other factors and any other unobserved heterogeneity.

Deciphering Stability of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Radicals: Balancing Act Between Delocalization and Ring Strain.

Computational studies on five-membered heterocycles with single heteroatom and their isomeric dehydro-borole 1a-1c, cyclopentadiene 2a-2c, pyrrole 3a-3c, furan 4b-4c, phosphole 5a-5c, and thiophene 6b-6c radicals have been carried out. Geometrical aspects through ground state electronic structures and stability aspects using bond dissociation energies (BDE) and radical stabilization energies (RSE) have been envisaged in this regard. Spin densities, electrostatic potentials (ESP), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis unveiled the extent of spin delocalization.

SELF-REPORTED MORBIDITY AND BURDEN OF DISEASE IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM A NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY AND THE MILLION DEATHS STUDY.

Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state with a population of 200 million. Any change in its fertility and mortality is bound to bring change at the national level. This study analysed the burden of disease in the state by calculating the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for infectious and non-communicable diseases.

Association of child health and household amenities in high focus states in India: a district-level analysis.

Objectives: To assess household amenities in districts of high focus states and their association with child health in India.

Design: The data for the study are extracted from Annual Health Survey (AHS) and Census 2011.

Settings: Districts in high focus states in India.

Transarterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma--assessing the factors affecting the survival: An audit from a tertiary care center in northern India.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver and third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. According to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered a recommended option for intermediate HCC.

Objectives: The purposes of our study were to evaluate the various factors affecting the outcome of TACE, to study the efficacy of TACE by evaluating the imaging response by European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) necrosis criteria, and to study the survival of patients.

Differential expression of collectins in human placenta and role in inflammation during spontaneous labor.

Collectins, collagen-containing Ca(2+) dependent C-type lectins and a class of secretory proteins including SP-A, SP-D and MBL, are integral to immunomodulation and innate immune defense. In the present study, we aimed to investigate their placental transcript synthesis, labor associated differential expression and localization at feto-maternal interface, and their functional implication in spontaneous labor. The study involved using feto-maternal interface (placental/decidual tissues) from two groups of healthy pregnant women at term (≥ 37 weeks of gestation), undergoing either elective C-section with no labor ('NLc' group, n = 5), or normal vaginal delivery with spontaneous labor ('SLv' group, n = 5).

Surfactant protein D inhibits HIV-1 infection of target cells via interference with gp120-CD4 interaction and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Surfactant Protein SP-D, a member of the collectin family, is a pattern recognition protein, secreted by mucosal epithelial cells and has an important role in innate immunity against various pathogens. In this study, we confirm that native human SP-D and a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rhSP-D) bind to gp120 of HIV-1 and significantly inhibit viral replication in vitro in a calcium and dose-dependent manner. We show, for the first time, that SP-D and rhSP-D act as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 entry in to target cells and block the interaction between CD4 and gp120 in a dose-dependent manner.

Surfactant proteins A and D in pregnancy and parturition.

Surfactant proteins A and D have extra-pulmonary expression at various mucosal sites including the reproductive tract. Reproductive tissues require a fine immune balance, strong enough to keep infection at a bay and at the same time, subtle enough to support an allogeneic fetus throughout the pregnancy. Roles of SP-A and SP-D have been studied in depth and include immunoregulatory function, besides strengthening the innate immune system against various pathogens in the lungs.