The Initial Epoch of Psychosurgery in India: A Retrospective Data Review from Mysore Government Mental Hospital.

Background: In the early 20 century, psychosurgery had gained worldwide popularity for treating mentally ill persons, especially in western countries. We attempt to chronicle its journey in the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru.

Methods: Archived case records and registers of patients admitted from 1939 to 1947 were reviewed to identify those who had undergone psychosurgery.

Psychiatric manifestations of neurosyphilis over past two decades: Findings from a tertiary care neuropsychiatric hospital in south India.

Objective: To assess presentation of neurosyphilis with a focus on the psychiatric aspects.

Method: File review of the cases with a positive cerebrospinal fluid venereal disease research laboratory test between 1999 to 2020.

Results: Medical records of 143 neurosyphilis patients were analysed.

Valproate-induced hyperammonemia, neuroleptic sensitivity, and cerebellar atrophy-A clinical conundrum in the management of bipolar disorder.

Objective: Treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) involves complexities especially when patients come with significant sensitivity to various psychotropic medications and comorbidities. The following cases aim to recapitulate and discuss some of such situations.

Cases: Case 1: A 36-year-old man with intellectual development disorder and BD experienced catatonia, seizures, and hyperammonemia following valproate administration.

Potential Utility of Plasma Biomarker Panels in Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Blood tests are in need, in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as minimally invasive and less expensive alternatives to cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging methods. On these lines, single molecule array (Simoa) analysis of amyloid-β (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), phospho-tau (p-tau 181), and neurofilament L (NfL) in the plasma samples of AD subjects, healthy controls (HC), and non-AD subjects was conducted. Findings from this study suggest that a panel of multiple plasma biomarkers (NfL, Aβ, t-tau, and p-tau 181) combined with the clinical assessments could support differential diagnosis of AD and other dementias from healthy controls.

Exploring the early history of convulsive therapies at the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (currently NIMHANS).

Objective: The paper describes the introduction, and early use of chemically and electrically induced convulsive therapies, at the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India. Cardiazol and ammonium chloride were used at MGMH before the introduction of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The study examines the early history, clinical correlates and outcome of convulsive therapies and attempts to contextualize how local conditions influenced implementation.

Pathological (Dis)Similarities in Neuronal Exosome-Derived Synaptic and Organellar Marker Levels Between Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are pathologically distinct neurodegenerative disorders with certain overlap in cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Both AD and FTD are characterized by synaptic loss and accumulation of misfolded proteins, albeit, in different regions of the brain.

Objective: To investigate the synaptic and organellar markers in AD and FTD through assessment of the levels of synaptic protein, neurogranin (Ng) and organellar proteins, mitofusin-2 (MFN-2), lysosomal associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2), and golgin A4 from neuronal exosomes.

Plasma neurofilament L to amyloid β42 ratio in differentiating Alzheimer's type from non-Alzheimer's dementia: A cross-sectional pilot study from India.

Based on the reduction of amyloid β plaques, US FDA has recently approved Aducanumab as a disease modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). With high pricing and the potential risks likely with this treatment, certainty of AD diagnosis becomes crucial. The current pilot study evaluated plasma levels of neurofilament L, an axonal injury marker and amyloid β42, a major component of amyloid plaques for discriminating AD from non-AD dementia (NAD).

Geriatric Depression and Cognitive Impairment-An Update.

Background: Depression and cognitive impairment often coexist in older adults. The relation between depression and cognitive impairment is complex. The objective of this article is to review recent literature on cognitive impairment in older adults with depression and provide clinicians an update.

Evolution of bodily distress disorders.

Purpose Of Review: The nomenclature and classification of somatoform disorders have undergone revisions in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM 5) and the upcoming eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The present review describes the changes that have evolved and highlight the possible challenges.

Recent Findings: Bodily distress disorders replace the term somatoform disorders.

Increased prolidase activity in Alzheimer's dementia: A case-control study.

Prolidase enzyme, which catalyzes the final step in collagen metabolism can influence the cognitive functions through changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting in altered synaptic connectivity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, it was found that the prolidase activity was significantly higher (p = 0.0016) in AD subjects (5.

Insomnia Among Elderly Primary Care Patients in India.

Objective: To assess insomnia and its health correlates among elderly primary care patients in India.

Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,770 elderly primary care patients from 71 government primary health centers in Kerala, India, from May to December 2016. Insomnia was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index.

Hypochondriasis: Clinical Profile in a Tertiary Care Psychiatry and Neurosciences Hospital in Southern India - A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background: Hypochondriasis is a complex disorder in the realm of psychosomatic medicine, yet understudied in India. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with hypochondriasis.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective chart review was done in a tertiary care psychiatry and neurosciences hospital in southern India.

Insomnia in primary care-a study from India.

Objectives: To study the prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia among a sample of primary care attendees, in the state of Kerala, India.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Primary care.

Cultural considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia: A case example from India.

Culture plays an important role in the presentation, help seeking, treatment and outcomes of psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia. We report a case of paranoid schizophrenia in a 35-year-old lady, from South India, whose clinical presentation was influenced by various sociocultural factors. These cultural constructs were taken into consideration to formulate an acceptable and effective management plan.

Association of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor 2B Subunit (GRIN2B) polymorphism with earlier age at onset of withdrawal symptoms in Indian alcohol dependent subjects.

The associations of GRIN2B polymorphism (rs1806201) with alcohol withdrawal and related clinical parameters in alcohol dependent subjects were investigated. Cases were assessed using a semi-structured clinical pro forma for alcohol abuse and a questionnaire for family history of alcohol dependence and psychiatric disorders after obtaining informed consent. The study included alcohol dependent male cases (n = 220, age at onset of alcohol withdrawal symptoms = 32.

What is in a name? Causative explanatory models of postpartum psychosis among patients and caregivers in India.

Background: Explanatory models (EMs) influence decision-making related to treatment and compliance. There is little knowledge about belief systems related to postpartum psychosis in different cultures.

Aims: To study EMs of illness among women with postpartum psychosis and their family members in India.

On somatic symptoms measurement: the scale for assessment of somatic symptoms revisited.

Background: Scale for assessment of somatic symptoms (SASS) has been widely used for assessing somatic complaints since many years. With impending changes in the classificatory system on somatoform disorders, we re- assessed the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of SASS.

Materials And Methods: SASS was administered twice with a gap of 24 h on 20 subjects for test retest reliability.

Postpartum psychosis in a woman with Graves' disease: a case report.

Objective: Thyroid dysfunction is common during pregnancy and the postpartum period and is known to cause psychiatric disturbances. A woman with Graves' disease and psychosis in the postpartum period is described.

Methods: A 22-year-old woman with Graves' disease developed fluctuating orientation, catatonia, delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations 3 days following childbirth.

Factitious disorder-experience at a neuropsychiatric center in southern India.

Objective: Factitious disorder is amongst the more intriguing but less-studied psychological disorders. Studies from different parts of the world have reported of varying prevalence rates. Here, we try to study the prevalence of factitious disorder in a specific sample of patients attending a neuropsychiatric center in India.