All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) Task Force guidelines to prevent intraocular infections and cluster outbreaks after cataract surgery.

Infectious endophthalmitis is a serious and vision-threatening complication of commonly performed intraocular surgeries such as cataract surgery. The occurrence of endophthalmitis can result in severe damage to the uveal and other ocular tissues even among patients undergoing an uncomplicated surgical procedure. If the infections result from common factors such as surgical supplies, operative or operation theater-related risks, there can be a cluster outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) or infectious endophthalmitis, leading to several patients having an undesirable outcome.

The All India Ophthalmological Society - Academic and Research Committee pan-India diabetic retinopathy project "Fixing the missing link": Prevalence data from West Bengal.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its risk factors among diabetic patients in rural and urban West Bengal (WB).

Methods: Patients were screened in the physician's clinic by a team of ophthalmologist, optometrist and counsellor. Demographic details, diabetic control, compliance to eye checkup, awareness regarding diabetic blindness, and visual acuity were recorded using a questionnaire.

Susceptibility of bacterial isolates to vancomycin and ceftazidime from patients with endophthalmitis: Is there a need to change the empirical therapy in suspected bacterial endophthalmitis?

To review the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to ceftazidime and vancomycin isolated from patients with endophthalmitis. Microbiology records of patients with endophthalmitis between June 2010 and May 2013 were reviewed. Vitreous and AC fluids obtained from patients with endophthalmitis were subjected to direct microscopy examination and culture.

Pantoea agglomerans endophthalmitis: clinical features and outcomes.

Purpose: To determine the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with Pantoea agglomerans endophthalmitis as seen at a tertiary eye care center in India.

Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Data collected included demographics, history, the initial and final corrected distance visual acuity, details of the ocular and systemic examination, surgeries performed, and the final anatomical outcome.

Vitreo-retinal interface changes on optical coherence tomography in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole.

Aim: To study the vitreo-retinal interface and macular changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic macular hole in one or both eyes presented to our institute between January 2003 and December 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic details, best-corrected visual acuity and vitreo-retinal interface, and macular changes of the fellow eye on OCT were studied.

Association of the del443ins54 at the ARMS2 locus in Indian and Australian cohorts with age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: The ARMS2/HTRA1 genes at the 10q26 locus have been associated with risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the most significantly associated variants being A69S (rs10490924), del443ins54 (EU427539) and rs11200638. We wished to explore the association of the del443ins54 in two ethnically different populations from India and Australia.

Methods: The del443ins54 was screened in a large cohort of ~1500 subjects from these two populations by a combination of PCR-based agarose gel electrophoresis and validated by resequencing.

Review of endogenous endophthalmitis during pregnancy including case series.

Endogenous endophthalmitis during pregnancy is a rare condition with few reports of such infections in the peri- and post-partum period. We reviewed the literature on endogenous endophthalmitis in pregnancy and also report a series of four patients who presented to our institution from January 2011 to September 2011. We retrospectively reviewed four patients who developed endogenous endophthalmitis either during pregnancy (two patients) or in the post-partum period (two patients--one after abortion and one after normal term delivery).

Case control analyses of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in South India associated with technique, patient care, and socioeconomic status.

Purpose. We investigated acute endophthalmitis incidence following cataract surgery vis-a-vis the current technological and postoperative care changes in higher and lower socioeconomic categories of patients in South India. Methods.

An outbreak of acute post-cataract surgery Pseudomonas sp. endophthalmitis caused by contaminated hydrophilic intraocular lens solution.

Objective: To report the investigation for the source of infection and the clinical course and treatment response of 11 cases of acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis that developed during an outbreak.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series.

Participants: Eleven patients who developed acute postoperative endophthalmitis after an uneventful cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation from September 6 to 29, 2010, at a tertiary eye care center in South India.

Enterobacter endophthalmitis: clinicomicrobiologic profile and outcomes.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentations, antibiotic sensitivities, management, and outcomes of Enterobacter endophthalmitis.

Methods: This is a retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative, interventional case series. The medical records of culture-proven Enterobacter endophthalmitis cases from the endophthalmitis registry between January 1995 and March 2006 were reviewed.

Clinical and microbiologic review of culture-proven endophthalmitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria in patients seen at a tertiary eye care center in southern India.

Purpose: To determine the type of bacteria and the visual outcome of culture-proven multidrug-resistant bacterial endophthalmitis in patients at a tertiary eye care center in southern India.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series in which clinical and microbiologic records of culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis between January 2000 and December 2007 were reviewed. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to two or more different groups of typically susceptible classes of antibiotics.

Spontaneous bilateral peripapillary, subhyaloid and vitreous hemorrhage with severe anemia secondary to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

A 42-year-old female presented to us with a complaint of sudden painless loss of vision in both eyes of three days duration. Visual acuity was 20/100 for distance in both eyes. Fundus examination showed bilateral peripapillary hemorrhages, with subhyaloid and vitreous hemorrhage in both eyes.

The involvement of complement factor B and complement component C2 in an Indian cohort with age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Genes involved in the complement cascade such as complement factor B (CFB) and complement component C2 have been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) worldwide. In continuation of the analysis of CFH and LOC387715/HTRA1, this study was conducted to gain understanding of the role of CFB and C2 in an Indian AMD cohort.

Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CFB and C2 were screened in a cohort of clinically well-characterized patients with AMD (n = 177) and unaffected normal control subjects (n = 175).

Variants in the 10q26 gene cluster (LOC387715 and HTRA1) exhibit enhanced risk of age-related macular degeneration along with CFH in Indian patients.

Purpose: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOC387715 (rs10490924), HTRA1 (rs11200638), and CFH (rs1061170) genes have been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The present study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the LOC387715 and HTRA1 in an AMD cohort from India.

Methods: The coding region of LOC387715 (exon 1) and the promoter of HTRA1 were screened by resequencing in AMD cases and normal controls.

Ultrasonographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of surgery for vitreous hemorrhage in idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Purpose: To describe the ultrasonographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of surgery in vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV).

Design: Retrospective interventional and observational case series.

Methods: Clinical, ultrasound, and surgical data of 10 consecutive patients operated for VH due to IPCV in a tertiary eye institute was studied by chart review.

Relationship between clinical presentation and visual outcome in postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis in south central India.

Purpose: To determine risk factors for poor visual outcome in postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis in a large referral center in south central India.

Methods: In this prospective observational series the authors examined 388 patients of postoperative (n= 206) and posttraumatic (n= 182) endophthalmitis at the L V Prasad Eye Institute in Hyderabad, India between 1991 and 1997. The analysis was confined to 236 patients-128 (62.

Retinal detachment in south India-presentation and treatment outcomes.

Background: Although the presentation and treatment outcomes of retinal detachments in wealthy countries are well known, much less is known about retinal detachment in the developing world. This study reports the presentation and outcomes of 433 rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in South India.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was undertaken of all operated cases of retinal detachment in a tertiary care centre, from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2000.

Does internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery improve reading vision?

Purpose: To document the effect of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in macular hole closure and reading vision.

Method: Fifty-four patients with idiopathic and traumatic macular hole underwent standard vitreous surgery and received either ILM peeling (n=25) or no ILM peeling (n=29). The hole closure, and Snellen acuity (distant and near) were recorded 12 weeks after surgery and statistically analysed.

von Hippel angioma in South Indian subjects--a clinical study.

Purpose: To assess the management strategies for retinal capillary hemangioma in von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Study Design: A retrospective, nonconsecutive case series of 12 patients.

Methods: We reviewed the records of patients diagnosed with retinal capillary hemangioma from January 1996 to June 2002.

Mitomycin-C-augmented trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma. A preliminary report.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in the management of eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods: Fifteen eyes of 14 patients with NVG were included in the study. NVG was secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (3 eyes), hemiretinal vein occlusion (2 eyes), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (8 eyes), branch retinal vein occlusion (1 eye) and idiopathic (1 eye).