Real-world effectiveness and safety of oral azvudine versus nirmatrelvir‒ritonavir (Paxlovid) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study.

Azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) were widely used to treat patients with COVID-19 in China during the Omicron wave. However, the efficacy and safety of azvudine versus Paxlovid are poorly established. This study included 40,876 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from eleven hospitals in Henan and Xinjiang Provinces, China.

Particular Chinese contributions to extracorporeal liver surgery.

Extracorporeal liver surgery (ELS), also known as liver autotransplantation, is a hybrid (cross-fertilized) surgery incorporating the technical knowledge from extreme liver and transplant liver surgeries, and recently became more embraced and popularized among leading centers. ELS could be summarized into three major categories, namely, ex-situ liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA), ante-situm liver resection and autotransplantation (ALRA) and auxiliary partial liver autotransplantation (APLA). The successful development of ELS during the past 37 years is definitely inseparable from continuous efforts done by Chinese surgeons and researchers.

Upregulation of CD244 promotes CD8 T cell exhaustion in patients with alveolar echinococcosis and a murine model.

Background: In patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE), CD8 T cells undergo functional exhaustion, which accelerates the malignant progression of AE. However, the role of inhibitory receptor CD244 in mediating CD8 T cell exhaustion remains elusive.

Methods: CD244 expression on exhausted CD8 T cells in the close liver tissue (CLT) of AE patients was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing data.

A special case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma misdiagnosed as hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a prevalent liver tumor that presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific symptoms, necessitating reliance on imaging techniques for accurate diagnosis. The similarity of imaging features with other liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, often leads to confusion and misdiagnosis. In contrast, the distinct characteristics of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) result in fewer reported misdiagnoses.

Efficiency of Anatomical Hepatectomy in the Treatment of Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis.

Total cystectomy and hepatectomy are the main radical surgical procedures for hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE). When CE lesions severely invade intrahepatic biliary ducts and vessels or single or multiple lesions occupy one hepatic lobe, performing total cystectomy is not indicated. This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficiency of anatomical hepatectomy in the treatment of patients with hepatic CE.

Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells promotes antiparasitic T-cell immunity and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 blockade (15 words).

Immune exhaustion corresponds to a loss of effector function of T cells that associates with cancer or chronic infection. Here, our objective was to decipher the mechanisms involved in the immune suppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and to explore the potential to target these cells for immunotherapy to enhance checkpoint blockade efficacy in a chronic parasite infection. We demonstrated that programmed cell-death-1 (PD-1) expression was significantly upregulated and associated with T-cell dysfunction in advanced alveolar echinococcosis (AE) patients and in Echinococcus multilocularis-infected mice.

Liver autotransplantation and atrial reconstruction on a patient with multiorgan alveolar echinococcosis: a case report.

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) primarily affects the liver and potentially spreads to other organs. Managing recurrent AE poses significant challenges, especially when it involves critical structures and multiple major organs.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 59-year-old female with recurrent AE affecting the liver, heart, and lungs following two previous hepatectomies, the hepatic lesions persisted, adhering to major veins, and imaging revealed additional diaphragmatic, cardiac, and pulmonary involvement.

Fifty-five cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with lymph node metastasis: A retrospective study.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is a specific type of metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Currently, there is a scarcity of describing the clinical characteristics and lymph node metastasis rules of patients with hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis and its mechanism and management are still controversial. Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a better treatment.

Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 as a predictor of postoperative hepatic failure.

Background: Posthepatectomy liver failure remains a potentially life-threatening complication after hepatectomy. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 is an injury-related biomarker. The aim of the study was to assess soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 elevation after hepatectomy and whether it can predict posthepatectomy liver failure.

Applying LASSO logistic regression for the prediction of biliary complications after ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation in patients with end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the relevant risk factors associated with biliary complications (BCs) in patients with end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) following ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) and to establish and visualize a nomogram model.

Methods: This study retrospectively analysed patients with end-stage HAE who received ELRA treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between August 1, 2010 and May 10, 2023. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was applied to optimize the feature variables for predicting the incidence of BCs following ELRA.

sCD155 as a potential marker for diagnosing the vascular invasion in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Background: Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) is a malignant zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Considering whether the lesion is accompanied by vascular invasion (VI) is crucial for treatment strategies. A cost-effective and convenient clinical diagnostic method is urgently needed to supplement current techniques.

Phenotype and function of MAIT cells in patients with alveolar echinococcosis.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subpopulation of unconventional T cells widely involved in chronic liver diseases. However, the potential role and regulating factors of MAIT cells in alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a zoonotic parasitic disease by () larvae chronically parasitizing liver organs, has not yet been studied. Blood samples (n=29) and liver specimens (n=10) from AE patients were enrolled.

Impact of Liver Sympathetic Nervous System on Liver Fibrosis and Regeneration After Bile Duct Ligation in Rats.

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) affects many functions of the body. SNS fibers regulate many aspects of liver function, repair, and regeneration. However, in the model of bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats, the kind of impact caused by the regulation of liver SNS on liver fibrosis and liver regeneration is unclear.

Intrahepatic Venous Collateral Circulation and Reverse Blood Flow After Main Hepatic Vein Obstruction: A Case Report with Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis, a lethal parasitic disease, can invade important vessels in the liver. A liver vascular anomaly causes compensatory changes in other blood vessels connected to it because of the close relationship between them. Obstruction of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava and the second hilum can form the intrahepatic venous network and the vertebral venous plexus pathway, which can be demonstrated by hepatic venography and anatomical and autopsy studies.

Complex inferior vena cava reconstruction during liver resection and autotransplantation: A case report.

Background: liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) is an essential approach for treating patients with end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE), and its surgical indications involve severe invasion of important hepatic vessels, which makes resection impossible. Revascularization is a major step in the process of ELRA, which is extremely challenging when the invaded vessels have huge defects.

Case Summary: Herein, we have reported the case of a 26-year-old patient with hepatic AE in an autologous liver graft who underwent complex inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction using disease-free IVC, autologous portal vein fragments, and umbilical vein within the ligamentum teres hepatis.

Collateral circulation caused by end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Background: Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), as a benign parasitic disease with malignant infiltrative activity, grows slowly in the liver, allowing sufficient time for collateral vessels to emerge in the process of vascular occlusion.

Methods: The portal vein (PV), hepatic vein and hepatic artery were observed by enhanced CT and the inferior vena cava (IVC) by angiography, respectively. Analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the collateral vessels helped to look into the pattern and characteristics of vascular collateralization caused by this specific etiology.

LncRNA Regulation Mechanism in Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis with Nanosecond Pulse.

Background: The mortality of patients infected with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) was higher. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on HAE in rats and explore the related molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Establishment of HAE rat model and the lesions were treated with nsPEFs.

Application of hepatic lobe hyperplasia techniques in the treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a single-centre experience.

Background: This study was designed to investigate clinical efficiency and application indications of hepatic lobe hyperplasia techniques for advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) patients.

Methods: A retrospective case series covering 19 advanced hepatic AE patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2014 to December 2021 and undergoing hepatic lobe hyperplasia techniques due to insufficient remnant liver volume were analyzed. Changes of liver function, lesions volume, remnant liver volume, total liver volume before and after operation have been observed.

Single-Cell Heterogeneity of the Liver-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Individuals with Chronic Echinococcus multilocularis Infection.

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a tumor-like disease predominantly located in the liver. The cellular composition and heterogeneity of the lesion-infiltrating lymphocytes which produce an "immunosuppressive" microenvironment are poorly understood. Here, we profiled 83,921 CD45 lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood (PB), perilesion (PL), and adjacent normal (AN) liver tissue of four advanced-stage AE patients using single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing technology.