The GB4.0 Platform, an All-In-One Tool for CRISPR/Cas-Based Multiplex Genome Engineering in Plants.

CRISPR/Cas ability to target several loci simultaneously (multiplexing) is a game-changer in plant breeding. Multiplexing not only accelerates trait pyramiding but also can unveil traits hidden by functional redundancy. Furthermore, multiplexing enhances dCas-based programmable gene expression and enables cascade-like gene regulation.

[Hospital environment variables that affect the risk of infections of cancer patients and recipients of hematopoietic precursor transplants: Design, care processes, microbiological quality of air and water].

The hospital environment is a potential source of exposure to pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and parasites that can cause infections in patients with cancer including transplanted hematopoietic precursors. To mitigate this risk, the design, construction and location elements of the patient care area must be taken into account. Recommendations are given to provide safe environments, including aspects related to characteristics and use of a protected environment, the definition of critical processes, clinical teams dedicated to the care of patients, suggestions of areas to be monitored, the microbiological quality of air and water.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein-mediated regulation of hepatocyte metabolic pathways affects viral replication.

Chronic HBV infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV HBx protein stimulates HBV replication and likely influences the development of HBV-associated HCC. Whether HBx affects regulators of metabolism in normal hepatocytes has not been addressed.

[Chilean consensus of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea].

Background: Clostridium dijfficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has become very important due to the increase in its incidence, severity, recurrence and the associated economic burden. Having a national consensus guideline is essential to improve its management.

Objective: To build a multidisciplinary and evidence-based consensus in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CDAD.

Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in a university hospital: Role of inter-hospital transmission.

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii causes severe infections that primarily affect intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It has a high prevalence of multidrug resistance, including carbapenems, and a high potential for intra-hospital and inter-hospital transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the origin of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A.

Clostridium difficile infection in Chilean patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Introduction: Patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection and multiple risk factors have been identified. Published reports have indicated an incidence from 9% to 30% of transplant patients however to date there is no information about infection in these patients in Chile.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who developed C.

[Grupo Colaborativo de Resistencia Bacteriana, Chile: recommendations 2014 towards the control of bacteria resistance].

Five issues were reviewed in depth at the 2014 annual meeting of Colaborative Group Against Bacterial Resistance and the antecedents and conclusions are detailed in this document. I.- News in CLSI 2014: the difficulties and implications on its implementation at the local level were reviewed and recommendations were set.

Assessment of hospital daily cleaning practices using ATP bioluminescence in a developing country.

Unlabelled: Visual assessment of surfaces may not be enough to document the level of cleanliness in the hospital setting. It is necessary to introduce quantitative methods to document the results of this practice.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of hospital terminal cleaning procedures, using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method in a teaching hospital.

[Non-surgical approach for symptomatic fibroids. Physical methods: selective embolization].

The approach to symptomatic uterine fibroids has seen a marked evolution in recent years thanks to the emergence of minimally invasive techniques that allow for uterine preservation. Selective uterine artery embolization (UAE) consists of the complete occlusion of the 2 uterine arteries with embolic particles in order to produce ischemic necrosis of the fibroids without permanently affecting the normal uterine tissue. This technique significantly reduces the amount of bleeding and causes a reduction in uterine volume at 3 months postprocedure, which is maintained over time, allowing for 70% of patients to avoid surgery.

[Reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia following heart surgery: 13-year experience of epidemiologic surveillance in a teaching hospital].

Objectives: To report the results of 13 years worth of epidemiologic surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) following heart surgery and the main interventions applied in order to reduce VAP incidence.

Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of active epidemiologic surveillance of VAP. National diagnostic criteria were used.

Patient- and device-specific risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Objective: To determine the patient- and device-specific risk factors for hospital-acquired peripherally inserted central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (PICC BSIs) in adult patients.

Design: Nested case-control study.

Setting: Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1,252-bed tertiary care teaching hospital.

Peripherally inserted central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections in hospitalized adult patients.

Background: Limited data on the risk of peripherally inserted central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (PICC BSIs) in hospitalized patients are available. In 2007, dedicated intravenous therapy nurses were no longer available to place difficult peripheral intravenous catheters or provide PICC care Barnes-Jewish Hospital.

Objectives: To determine the hospital-wide incidence of PICC BSIs and to assess the effect of discontinuing intravenous therapy service on PICC use and PICC BSI rates.

Influenza vaccination among healthcare workers: ten-year experience of a large healthcare organization.

Objective: To describe the results of different measures implemented to improve adherence to the healthcare worker (HCW) influenza immunization program at BJC HealthCare during the period from 1997 through 2007.

Design: Descriptive retrospective study.

Setting: BJC HealthCare, a 13-hospital nonprofit healthcare organization in the Midwest.

[Palatability of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) in healthy 6 to 9 year-old children. A multicentre, randomised single blind clinical trial].

Introduction: Patient adherence to therapeutic regimens is extremely important to successful treatment. Among paediatric patients medication palatability of oral solutions is essential for patient acceptance, therapeutic compliance and successful outcome. The objective was to assess the palatability of different oral rehydration solutions (ORS), which flavour the children preferred and the relationship between the tastes of the child and the flavour chosen.